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The mechanisms of lift enhancement in insect flight

机译：昆虫飞行中提升力的机制

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Recent studies have revealed a diverse array of fluid dynamic phenomena that enhance lift production during flapping insect flight. Physical and analytical models of oscillating wings have demonstrated that a prominent vortex attached to the wing’s leading edge augments lift production throughout the translational parts of the stroke cycle, whereas aerodynamic circulation due to wing rotation, and possibly momentum transfer due to a recovery of wake energy, may increase lift at the end of each half stroke. Compared to the predictions derived from conventional steady-state aerodynamic theory, these unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms may account for the majority of total lift produced by a flying insect. In addition to contributing to the lift required to keep the insect aloft, manipulation of the translational and rotational aerodynamic mechanisms may provide a potent means by which a flying animal can modulate direction and magnitude of flight forces for manoeuvring flight control and steering behaviour. The attainment of flight, including the ability to control aerodynamic forces by the neuromuscular system, is a classic paradigm of the remarkable adaptability that flying insects have for utilising the principles of unsteady fluid dynamics. Applying these principles to biology broadens our understanding of how the diverse patterns of wing motion displayed by the different insect species have been developed throughout their long evolutionary history.
机译：最近的研究揭示了各种各样的流体动力学现象，它们在拍打昆虫的飞行过程中增强了升力的产生。振荡机翼的物理和分析模型表明，附着在机翼前缘的显着涡流可在整个冲程循环的平移部分增加升力，而机翼旋转引起的空气动力循环以及唤醒能量的回收可能会导致动量传递，可能会在每个半冲程结束时增加升力。与从常规稳态空气动力学理论得出的预测相比，这些不稳定的空气动力学机制可能占飞行昆虫产生的总升力的大部分。除了增加保持昆虫高空飞行所需的升力外，平移和旋转空气动力机构的操纵还可以提供一种有效的手段，使飞行动物可以调节飞行力的方向和大小，以操纵飞行控制和操纵行为。飞行的实现，包括通过神经肌肉系统控制空气动力的能力，是飞行昆虫利用非稳态流体动力学原理所具有的显着适应性的经典范例。将这些原理应用于生物学，拓宽了我们对不同昆虫物种在其漫长的进化历史中所展现出的多种多样的机翼运动模式的理解。

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    《Naturwissenschaften》 |2004年第3期|101-122|共22页
  • 作者

    Fritz-Olaf Lehmann;

  • 作者单位

    BioFuture Research Group Department of Neurobiology University of Ulm;

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