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Meridional overturning circulation conveys fast acidification to the deep Atlantic Ocean

机译：经络翻转环流将快速酸化作用传递到深海大西洋

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摘要

Since the Industrial Revolution, the North Atlantic Ocean has been accumulating anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) and experiencing ocean acidification(1), that is, an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions (a reduction in pH) and a reduction in the concentration of carbonate ions. The latter causes the 'aragonite saturation horizon'-below which waters are undersaturated with respect to a particular calcium carbonate, aragonite-to move to shallower depths (to shoal), exposing corals to corrosive waters(2,3). Here we use a database analysis to show that the present rate of supply of acidified waters to the deep Atlantic could cause the aragonite saturation horizon to shoal by 1,000-1,700 metres in the subpolar North Atlantic within the next three decades. We find that, during 1991-2016, a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions in the Irminger Sea caused the aragonite saturation horizon to shoal by about 10-15 metres per year, and the volume of aragonite-saturated waters to reduce concomitantly. Our determination of the transport of the excess of carbonate over aragonite saturation ((XC)[CO32-])-an indicator of the availability of aragonite to organisms-by the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows that the present-day transport of carbonate ions towards the deep ocean is about 44 per cent lower than it was in preindustrial times. We infer that a doubling of atmospheric anthropogenic CO2 levels-which could occur within three decades according to a 'business-as-usual scenario' for climate change 4-could reduce the transport of (XC)[CO32-] by 64-79 per cent of that in preindustrial times, which could severely endanger cold-water coral habitats. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation would also export this acidified deep water southwards, spreading corrosive waters to the world ocean.
机译：自工业革命以来，北大西洋一直在积聚人为二氧化碳（CO2）并经历海洋酸化（1），即氢离子浓度增加（pH降低）和氢离子浓度降低。碳酸根离子。后者导致``文石饱和层位''（在其下方，相对于特定的碳酸钙而言，水未饱和）文石层移动到更浅的深度（浅滩），使珊瑚暴露于腐蚀性水域（2,3）。在这里，我们使用数据库分析来表明，在未来的三十年中，目前向大西洋深处供应酸化水的速率可能导致文石饱和层在北极亚极地区的浅滩埋深1,000-1,700米。我们发现，在1991-2016年期间，艾明格海中碳酸根离子浓度的降低导致文石饱和层每年约减少10-15米，而文石饱和水的体积随之减少。我们对大西洋子午翻转环流中过量碳酸盐运移到文石饱和度（（XC）[CO32-]）上的决定（这是文石可被生物利用的指标），表明当今碳酸盐离子向深海比工业化前时代低了约44％。我们推断，根据气候变化“一切照旧的情况”，在三十年内可能会在三十年之内使大气中的人为二氧化碳水平增加一倍，这会使（XC）[CO32-]的运输量减少64-79％。在工业化之前占百分之一，这可能严重危害冷水珊瑚栖息地。大西洋经向翻转环流还将这种酸化的深水向南出口，将腐蚀性水传播到世界海洋。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2018年第7693期|515-518|共4页
  • 作者

    Perez Fiz F.; Fontela Marcos; Garcia-Ibanez Maribel I.; Mercier Herle; Velo Anton; Lherminier Pascale; Zunino Patricia; de la Paz Mercedes; Alonso-Perez Fernando; Guallart Elisa E.; Padin Xose A.;

  • 作者单位

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

    Univ Brest, CNRS,Ifremer, Inst Rech Dev, LOPS,Ctr Ifremer Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France;

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

    Univ Brest, CNRS,Ifremer, Inst Rech Dev, LOPS,Ctr Ifremer Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France;

    Univ Brest, CNRS,Ifremer, Inst Rech Dev, LOPS,Ctr Ifremer Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France;

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

    CSIC, IIM, Calle Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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