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The pressure distribution inside the proton

机译：质子内部的压力分布

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摘要

The proton, one of the components of atomic nuclei, is composed of fundamental particles called quarks and gluons. Gluons are the carriers of the force that binds quarks together, and free quarks are never found in isolation that is, they are confined within the composite particles in which they reside. The origin of quark confinement is one of the most important questions in modern particle and nuclear physics because confinement is at the core of what makes the proton a stable particle and thus provides stability to the Universe. The internal quark structure of the proton is revealed by deeply virtual Compton scattering(1,2), a process in which electrons are scattered off quarks inside the protons, which subsequently emit high-energy photons, which are detected in coincidence with the scattered electrons and recoil protons. Here we report a measurement of the pressure distribution experienced by the quarks in the proton. We find a strong repulsive pressure near the centre of the proton (up to 0.6 femtometres) and a binding pressure at greater distances. The average peak pressure near the centre is about 10(35) pascals, which exceeds the pressure estimated for the most densely packed known objects in the Universe, neutron stars'. This work opens up a new area of research on the fundamental gravitational properties of protons, neutrons and nuclei, which can provide access to their physical radii, the internal shear forces acting on the quarks and their pressure distributions.
机译：质子是原子核的组成部分之一，由称为夸克和胶子的基本粒子组成。胶子是将夸克粘合在一起的力的载体，从来没有孤立地发现过自由夸克，也就是说，它们被限制在它们所驻留的复合粒子中。夸克禁闭的起源是现代粒子和核物理学中最重要的问题之一，因为禁闭是使质子成为稳定粒子从而为宇宙提供稳定性的核心。质子的内部夸克结构通过深虚拟的康普顿散射（1,2）揭示，在此过程中，电子从质子内部的夸克中散射出来，随后发射出高能光子，这些光子与散射的电子一致地被检测到和反冲质子在这里，我们报告了质子中夸克经历的压力分布的测量结果。我们在质子中心附近发现了很强的排斥压力（最大为0.6飞米），在更远的距离处发现了束缚压力。中心附近的平均峰值压力约为10（35）帕斯卡，该压力超过了宇宙中最密集的已知物体（中子星）估计的压力。这项工作为质子，中子和原子核的基本引力特性开辟了一个新的研究领域，可以为它们的物理半径，作用于夸克的内部剪切力及其压力分布提供访问途径。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2018年第7705期|396-399|共4页
  • 作者

    Burkert V. D.; Elouadrhiri L.; Girod F. X.;

  • 作者单位

    Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA;

    Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA;

    Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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