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Supersolid formation in a quantum gas breaking a continuous translational symmetry

机译：打破连续平移对称性的量子气体中的超固体形成

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摘要

The concept of a supersolid state combines the crystallization of a many-body system with dissipationless flow of the atoms from which it is built. This quantum phase requires the breaking of two continuous symmetries: the phase invariance of a superfluid and the continuous translational invariance to form the crystal(1,2). Despite having been proposed for helium almost 50 years ago(3,4), experimental verification of supersolidity remains elusive(5,6). A variant with only discrete translational symmetry breaking on a preimposed lattice structure-the 'lattice supersolid'(7)-has been realized, based on self-organization of a Bose-Einstein condensate(8,9). However, lattice supersolids do not feature the continuous ground-state degeneracy that characterizes the supersolid state as originally proposed. Here we report the realization of a supersolid with continuous translational symmetry breaking along one direction in a quantum gas. The continuous symmetry that is broken emerges from two discrete spatial symmetries by symmetrically coupling a Bose-Einstein condensate to the modes of two optical cavities. We establish the phase coherence of the supersolid and find a high ground-state degeneracy by measuring the crystal position over many realizations through the light fields that leak from the cavities. These light fields are also used to monitor the position fluctuations in real time. Our concept provides a route to creating and studying glassy many-body systems with controllably lifted ground-state degeneracies, such as supersolids in the presence of disorder.
机译：超固态的概念将多体系统的结晶与构成它的原子的无耗散流结合在一起。该量子相需要打破两个连续的对称性：超流体的相不变性和连续的平移不变性以形成晶体（1,2）。尽管在近50年前就提出了氦气的建议（3,4），但仍无法实现对超固相的实验验证（5,6）。基于玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚物的自组织（8,9），已经实现了仅在预定的晶格结构上破坏了离散平移对称性的变体“晶格超固体”（7）。但是，晶格超固体不具有最初提出的表征超固体的连续基态简并性。在这里，我们报告了在量子气体中沿一个方向破坏的具有连续平移对称性的超固体的实现。通过将Bose-Einstein冷凝物对称耦合到两个光学腔体的模式，从两个离散的空间对称中出现了连续的对称性破裂。我们建立超固体的相干性，并通过从空穴泄漏的光场在许多实现中测量晶体位置来发现高基态简并性。这些光场还用于实时监视位置波动。我们的概念为创建和研究具有可控提升的基态简并性的玻璃状多体系统提供了一条途径，例如在存在疾病的情况下超固体。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7643期|87-90|共4页
  • 作者

    Leonard Julian; Morales Andrea; Zupancic Philip; Esslinger Tilman; Donner Tobias;

  • 作者单位

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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