Biofuel blending reduces particle emissions from aircraft engines at cruise conditions

Moore Richard H.; Thornhill Kenneth L.; Weinzierl Bernadett; Sauer Daniel; DAscoli Eugenio; Kim Jin; Lichtenstern Michael; Scheibe Monika; Beaton Brian; Beyersdorf Andreas J.; Barrick John; Bulzan Dan; Corr Chelsea A.; Crosbie Ewan; Jurkat Tina; Martin Robert; Riddick Dean; Shook Michael; Slover Gregory; Voigt Christiane; White Robert; Winstead Edward; Yasky Richard; Ziemba Luke D.; Brown Anthony; Schlager Hans; Anderson Bruce E.

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Biofuel blending reduces particle emissions from aircraft engines at cruise conditions

机译：生物燃料混合可减少巡航条件下飞机发动机的颗粒物排放

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Aviation-related aerosol emissions contribute to the formation of contrail cirrus clouds that can alter upper tropospheric radiation and water budgets, and therefore climate(1). The magnitude of air-traffic-related aerosol-cloud interactions and the ways in which these interactions might change in the future remain uncertain(1). Modelling studies of the present and future effects of aviation on climate require detailed information about the number of aerosol particles emitted per kilogram of fuel burned and the microphysical properties of those aerosols that are relevant for cloud formation(2). However, previous observational data at cruise altitudes are sparse for engines burning conventional fuels2,3, and no data have previously been reported for biofuel use in-flight. Here we report observations from research aircraft that sampled the exhaust of engines onboard a NASA DC-8 aircraft as they burned conventional Jet A fuel and a 50: 50 (by volume) blend of Jet A fuel and a biofuel derived from Camelina oil. We show that, compared to using conventional fuels, biofuel blending reduces particle number and mass emissions immediately behind the aircraft by 50 to 70 per cent. Our observations quantify the impact of biofuel blending on aerosol emissions at cruise conditions and provide key microphysical parameters, which will be useful to assess the potential of biofuel use in aviation as a viable strategy to mitigate climate change.

机译：与航空有关的气溶胶排放促成凝结尾流卷云的形成，可以改变对流层上方的辐射和水的预算，进而改变气候（1）。与空中交通相关的气溶胶-云相互作用的强度以及这些相互作用在将来可能发生变化的方式仍不确定（1）。对航空目前和未来影响气候的模型研究需要有关每千克燃烧的燃料排放的气溶胶颗粒数量以及与云形成有关的那些气溶胶的微物理特性的详细信息（2）。但是，先前在巡航高度上观察到的燃烧常规燃料的发动机的数据很少，2，3，并且以前没有关于飞行中使用生物燃料的数据的报道。在这里，我们报告了一些研究飞机的观察结果，这些飞机对NASA DC-8飞机上的发动机排气进行了采样，这些发动机燃烧了传统的Jet A燃料以及Jet A燃料和源自骆驼油的生物燃料的50:50（按体积计）的混合物。我们表明，与使用常规燃料相比，生物燃料混合可将飞机后面的颗粒数量和质量排放降低50％至70％。我们的观察结果量化了巡航条件下生物燃料混合对气溶胶排放的影响，并提供了关键的微物理参数，这对于评估航空生物燃料作为缓解气候变化的可行策略的潜力很有用。

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《Nature》 |2017年第7645期|411-415|共5页
作者
Moore Richard H.; Thornhill Kenneth L.; Weinzierl Bernadett; Sauer Daniel; DAscoli Eugenio; Kim Jin; Lichtenstern Michael; Scheibe Monika; Beaton Brian; Beyersdorf Andreas J.; Barrick John; Bulzan Dan; Corr Chelsea A.; Crosbie Ewan; Jurkat Tina; Martin Robert; Riddick Dean; Shook Michael; Slover Gregory; Voigt Christiane; White Robert; Winstead Edward; Yasky Richard; Ziemba Luke D.; Brown Anthony; Schlager Hans; Anderson Bruce E.;
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作者单位

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA|SSAI, Hampton, VA USA;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany|Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany|Ludwig Maximillians Univ, Munich, Germany;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany|Ludwig Maximillians Univ, Munich, Germany;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA|Calif State Univ San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA|SSAI, Hampton, VA USA;

NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA|Bennington Coll, Bennington, VT USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA|NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Columbia, MD USA;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA|SSAI, Hampton, VA USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany|Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA|SSAI, Hampton, VA USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada;

Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA;

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1. 'Erratum to 'Physical characterization of the fine particle emissions from commercial aircraft engines during the Aircraft Particle Emissions Experiment (APEX) 1 to 3' [44/17 (2010) 2147-2156]' [J] . John S. Kinsey Atmospheric environment . 2012,第Feba期

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2. Chemical Characterization of the Fine Particle Emissions from Commercial Aircraft Engines during the Aircraft Particle Emissions experiment (APEX) 1 to 3 [J] . J. S. Kinsey, M. D. Hays, Y. Dong, Environmental Science & Technology . 2011,第8期

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3. Physical characterization of the fine particle emissions from commercial aircraft engines during the Aircraft Particle Emissions experiment (APEX) 1-3 [J] . John S. Kinsey, Yuanji Dong, D. Craig Williams, Atmospheric environment . 2010,第17期

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4. Emission Reduction of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Blends of Biofuel under the Influence of 1,4-Dioxane and Rice Husk Nano Particle [C] . Mebin Samuel P., Devaradjane G., Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan, NuGen Summit . 2019

机译：在1,4-二恶烷和稻壳纳米颗粒的影响下，用生物燃料混合燃烧的柴油机的排放减少
5. The effect of biodiesel blends on particle number emissions from a light duty diesel engine. [D] . Feralio, Tyler Samuel. 2015

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6. Non-volatile particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells [O] . Hulda R. Jonsdottir, Mathilde Delaval, Zaira Leni, 2019

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7. A Comparative Study of Biofuels and Fischer–Tropsch Diesel Blends on the Engine Combustion Performance for Reducing Exhaust Gaseous and Particulate Emissions [O] . Felipe Andrade Torres, Omid Doustdar, Jose Martin Herreros, 2021

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Biofuel blending reduces particle emissions from aircraft engines at cruise conditions

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