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Infant viewing of social scenes is under genetic control and is atypical in autism

机译：婴儿对社交场景的观看处于遗传控制之下，在自闭症中是非典型的

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摘要

Long before infants reach, crawl or walk, they explore the world by looking: they look to learn and to engage(1), giving preferential attention to social stimuli, including faces(2), facelike stimuli(3) and biological motion(4). This capacity-social visual engagement-shapes typical infant development from birth(5) and is pathognomonically impaired in children affected by autism(6). Here we show that variation in viewing of social scenes, including levels of preferential attention and the timing, direction and targeting of individual eye movements, is strongly influenced by genetic factors, with effects directly traceable to the active seeking of social information(7). In a series of eye-tracking experiments conducted with 338 toddlers, including 166 epidemiologically ascertained twins (enrolled by representative sampling from the general population), 88 non-twins with autism and 84 singleton controls, we find high monozygotic twin-twin concordance (0.91) and relatively low dizygotic concordance (0.35). Moreover, the characteristics that are the most highly heritable, preferential attention to eye and mouth regions of the face, are also those that are differentially decreased in children with autism (chi(2) = 64.03, P < 0.0001). These results implicate social visual engagement as a neurodevelopmental endophenotype not only for autism, but also for population-wide variation in social-information seeking(8). In addition, these results reveal a means of human biological niche construction, with phenotypic differences emerging from the interaction of individual genotypes with early life experience(7).
机译：在婴儿到达，爬行或走路之前很久，他们通过观察来探索世界：他们寻求学习和参与（1），优先关注社交刺激，包括面部刺激（2），面部刺激（3）和生物运动（4） ）。这种从社交到视觉上的参与能力塑造了从出生开始的典型婴儿发育（5），并且在自闭症患儿中在病理诊断上受损（6）。在这里，我们表明，社交场景的观看变化（包括优先关注的程度以及单个眼睛运动的时间，方向和目标）受到遗传因素的强烈影响，其影响可直接追溯到积极寻求社交信息（7）。在对338名幼儿进行的一系列眼动实验中，包括166例经流行病学确定的双胞胎（通过一般人群的代表性抽样参加），88例自闭症非双胞胎和84个单身对照，我们发现单卵双胞胎的一致性很高（0.91 ）和较低的合子一致性（0.35）。此外，自闭症儿童中遗传性最高，优先注意面部的眼部和嘴部区域的特征也有所差异（chi（2）= 64.03，P <0.0001）。这些结果暗示社会视觉参与不仅是自闭症的一种神经发育内表型，而且还涉及社会信息寻求中人群的变异（8）。此外，这些结果揭示了人类生物生态位构建的一种手段，表型差异源自个体基因型与早期生活经验的相互作用（7）。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7663期|340-344|共5页
  • 作者

    Constantino John N.; Kennon-McGill Stefanie; Weichselbaum Claire; Marrus Natasha; Haider Alyzeh; Glowinski Anne L.; Gillespie Scott; Klaiman Cheryl; Klin Ami; Jones Warren;

  • 作者单位

    Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA|Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA|Washington Univ, Intellectual & Dev Disabil Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA;

    Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA;

    Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA;

    Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA|Washington Univ, Intellectual & Dev Disabil Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA;

    Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA;

    Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA;

    Emory Univ, Sch Med, Pediat Biostat Core, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA;

    Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA|Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Autism & Related Disabil, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA;

    Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA|Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Autism & Related Disabil, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA|Emory Univ, Ctr Translat Social Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA;

    Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA|Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Autism & Related Disabil, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA|Emory Univ, Ctr Translat Social Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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