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Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration

机译:星形胶质细胞瘢痕形成有助于中枢神经系统轴突再生

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摘要

Transected axons fail to regrow in the mature central nervous system. Astrocytic scars are widely regarded as causal in this failure. Here, using three genetically targeted loss-of-function manipulations in adult mice, we show that preventing astrocyte scar formation, attenuating scar-forming astrocytes, or ablating chronic astrocytic scars all failed to result in spontaneous regrowth of transected corticospinal, sensory or serotonergic axons through severe spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions. By contrast, sustained local delivery via hydrogel depots of required axon-specific growth factors not present in SCI lesions, plus growth-activating priming injuries, stimulated robust, laminin-dependent sensory axon regrowth past scar-forming astrocytes and inhibitory molecules in SCI lesions. Preventing astrocytic scar formation significantly reduced this stimulated axon regrowth. RNA sequencing revealed that astrocytes and non-astrocyte cells in SCI lesions express multiple axon-growth-supporting molecules. Our findings show that contrary to the prevailing dogma, astrocyte scar formation aids rather than prevents central nervous system axon regeneration.
机译:横突轴突无法在成熟的中枢神经系统中再生。在这种失败中,星形胶质疤痕被广泛认为是原因。在这里,使用成年小鼠的三种基因靶向功能丧失操纵方法,我们发现防止星形胶质细胞瘢痕形成,减弱形成疤痕的星形胶质细胞或消融慢性星形胶质细胞瘢痕均不能导致横断的皮质脊髓,感觉或血清素能轴突自发再生。通过严重的脊髓损伤(SCI)损伤。相比之下,通过水凝胶贮藏库持续持续的局部递送不存在于SCI病变中的所需轴突特异性生长因子,再加上生长激活性引发损伤,刺激了坚固的,层粘连蛋白依赖性感觉轴突再生长过形成疤痕的星形胶质细胞和SCI病变中的抑制分子。预防星形胶质细胞疤痕的形成显着减少了这种刺激的轴突再生。 RNA测序显示,SCI病变中的星形胶质细胞和非星形胶质细胞表达多种轴突生长支持分子。我们的发现表明,与普遍的教条相反,星形胶质细胞疤痕形成有助于而不是阻止中枢神经系统轴突再生。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7598期|195-200|共6页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA|Swiss Fed Inst Technol EPFL, Sch Life Sci, SV BMI UPCourtine, Stn 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA|Tongji Univ, Sch Med, Tongji Hosp, Dept Spine Surg, Shanghai 200065, Peoples R China;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA|Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA|Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA|Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

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