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Risk factors and random chances

机译:风险因素和随机机会

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摘要

Cancer arises through the accumulation of molecular changes that together allow cells to grow in an uncontrolled manner. Many factors contribute to this process, including hereditary genetic mutations and environmental hazards, such as exposure to smoking or radiation. But cancer can still emerge in the absence of these factors, as a result of random mutations that arise during cell division. Furthermore, little is known about how each risk factor affects different tissues, in which cancers arise at varying frequencies. Writing in Science, Tomasetti and Vogelstein show that about 65% of the differences in cancer incidence between tissues can be simply explained by the estimated total number of stem-cell divisions in those tissues. This result suggests that, rather than environmental and heredity influences, stochastic accumulation of mutations during DNA replication is the major cause of variations in cancer incidence between tissues.
机译:癌症是由于分子变化的积累而产生的,这些变化共同使细胞以不受控制的方式生长。许多因素促成这一过程,包括遗传遗传突变和环境危害,例如暴露于吸烟或辐射。但是由于细胞分裂过程中出现的随机突变,如果没有这些因素,癌症仍然会出现。此外,对于每种危险因素如何影响不同组织的了解甚少,在不同组织中,癌症以不同的频率出现。 Tomasetti和Vogelstein在《科学》杂志上发表的文章表明,组织之间癌症发生率差异的大约65%可以通过这些组织中干细胞分裂的估计总数来简单解释。该结果表明,DNA复制过程中突变的随机积累而不是环境和遗传的影响,是组织之间癌症发生率变异的主要原因。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7536期|563-564|共2页
  • 作者

    DOMINIK WODARZ; ANN G. ZAUBER;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;

    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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