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The slippery base of a tectonic plate

机译:构造板块的光滑基底

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摘要

In the theory of plate tectonics, the outer shell of the Earth, known as the lithosphere, consists of several rigid plates, which move relative to each other over the weaker, flowing asthenosphere. The bottom of the lithosphere, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), is fundamental to our understanding of how plate tectonics works, although an exact understanding of the mechanism that gives the plates their rigidity and defines their thickness remains elusive and widely debated. On page 85 of this issue, Stern et al. describe how they have used reflected seismic waves generated by explosive sources in steel-cased boreholes to image the Pacific plate as it descends beneath New Zealand. They find a LAB that is less than 1 kilometre thick at the top of a 10-km-thick channel, in which slow seismic velocities may require the presence of water or melt (Fig. 1). The authors suggest that the thin channel decouples the lithosphere from the asthenosphere and allows plate tectonics to take place. The existence of such a localized channel probably has implications for the driving forces of plate tectonics and mantle dynamics.
机译:在板块构造理论中,地球的外壳被称为岩石圈,由几个刚性板块组成,它们在较弱的流动软流圈上相对移动。岩石圈的底部,即岩石圈-软流圈边界(LAB),是我们了解板块构造原理的基础,尽管对使板块具有刚度并确定其厚度的机理的确切理解仍然难以捉摸,并引起了广泛的争论。在本期杂志的第85页上,Stern等人。描述了他们是如何利用钢套钻孔中爆炸源产生的反射地震波对太平洋板块下降到新西兰下方的情况进行成像的。他们在一个10公里厚的通道的顶部发现了一个厚度小于1公里的LAB,在该LAB中,缓慢的地震速度可能需要水或熔体的存在(图1)。作者认为,薄通道将岩石圈与软流圈解耦,并允许板块构造发生。这种局部通道的存在可能对板块构造和地幔动力学的驱动力有影响。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7537期|39-40|共2页
  • 作者

    CATHERINE A. RYCHERT;

  • 作者单位

    National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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