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State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit

机译：通过超导量子电路中的重复错误检测来保持状态

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摘要

Quantum computing becomes viable when a quantum state can be protected from environment-induced error. If quantum bits (qubits) are sufficiently reliable, errors are sparse and quantum error correction (QEC) is capable of identifying and correcting them. Adding more qubits improves the preservation of states by guaranteeing that increasingly larger clusters of errors will not cause logical failure-a key requirement for large-scale systems. Using QEC to extend the qubit lifetime remains one of the outstanding experimental challenges in quantum computing. Here we report the protection of classical states from environmental bit-flip errors and demonstrate the suppression of these errors with increasing system size. We use a linear array of nine qubits, which is a natural step towards the two-dimensional surface code QEC scheme, and track errors as they occur by repeatedly performing projective quantum non-demolition parity measurements. Relative to a single physical qubit, we reduce the failure rate in retrieving an input state by a factor of 2.7 when using five of our nine qubits and by a factor of 8.5 when using all nine qubits after eight cycles. Additionally, we tomographically verify preservation of the non-classical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The successful suppression of environment-induced errors will motivate further research into the many challenges associated with building a large-scale superconducting quantum computer.
机译：当可以保护量子状态免受环境引起的错误时，量子计算变得可行。如果量子位（qubit）足够可靠，则错误稀疏，并且量子错误校正（QEC）能够识别和校正它们。增加更多的量子位，可以通过保证越来越大的错误簇不会引起逻辑故障来改善状态的保存，这是大型系统的一项关键要求。使用QEC延长量子位寿命仍然是量子计算中的突出实验挑战之一。在这里，我们报告了经典状态免受环境位翻转错误的保护，并展示了随着系统尺寸的增加而对这些错误的抑制。我们使用9个量子位的线性阵列，这是朝着二维表面编码QEC方案迈出的自然一步，并通过重复执行投影量子不可拆卸奇偶性测量来跟踪错误的发生。相对于单个物理量子位，当使用我们的九个量子位中的五个时，我们将检索输入状态时的故障率降低了2.7倍，而在八个周期后使用所有九个量子位时，则将故障率降低了8.5倍。此外，我们在断层扫描上验证了非经典Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger状态的保存。成功地抑制环境引起的错误将促使人们进一步研究与构建大型超导量子计算机相关的许多挑战。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7541期|66-69|共4页
  • 作者

    J. Kelly; R. Barends; A. G. Fowler; A. Megrant; E. Jeffrey; T. C. White; D. Sank; J. Y. Mutus; B. Campbell; Yu Chen; Z. Chen; B. Chiaro; A. Dunsworth; I.-C. Hoi; C. Neill; P. J. J. OMalley; C. Quintana; P. Roushan; A. Vainsencher; J. Wenner; A. N. Cleland; John M. Martinis;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics,The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA,Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;

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