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The ontogeny of fairness in seven societies

机译:七个社会中的公平本体论

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摘要

A sense of fairness plays a critical role in supporting human cooperation(1-3). Adult norms of fair resource sharing vary widely across societies, suggesting that culture shapes the acquisition of fairness behaviour during childhood(4,5). Here we examine how fairness behaviour develops in children from seven diverse societies, testing children from 4 to 15 years of age (n = 866 pairs) in a standardized resource decision task(6,7). We measured two key aspects of fairness decisions: disadvantageous inequity aversion (peer receives more than self) and advantageous inequity aversion (self receives more than a peer). We show that disadvantageous inequity aversion emerged across all populations by middle childhood. By contrast, advantageous inequity aversion was more variable, emerging in three populations and only later in development. We discuss these findings in relation to questions about the universality and cultural specificity of human fairness.
机译:公平感在支持人类合作中起着至关重要的作用(1-3)。成人的公平资源共享规范在各个社会中差异很大,这表明文化塑造了儿童时期对公平行为的获取(4,5)。在这里,我们研究了来自七个不同社会的儿童的公平行为如何发展,在标准化资源决策任务中测试了4至15岁的儿童(n = 866对)(6,7)。我们测量了公平决策的两个关键方面:不利的不平等厌恶(同伴获得的收益大于自我)和有利的不平等厌恶(自我获得的收益大于同伴)。我们表明,到了童年中期,所有人群中都出现了不利的不平等厌恶情绪。相比之下,有利的不平等厌恶情绪更加易变,出现在三个人群中,仅在发展后期才出现。我们讨论有关人类公平的普遍性和文化特殊性的问题的这些发现。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7581期|258-261|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Boston Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA|Boston Coll, Dept Psychol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA|Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Psychol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;

    St Francis Xavier Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Psychol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada;

    Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Fac Sci & Technol Educ & Training, Dakar, Senegal;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA|Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA|Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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