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Magneto - optical trapping of a diatomic molecule

机译：磁-双原子分子的光学俘获。

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摘要

在过去十年，利用激光冷却来将原子冷却到接近绝度零度的温度、随后再将它们约束在磁-光阱中的做法，使得从新型原子钟到新型量子物质的一系列不同应用能够得以实现。分子则带来了一个不同的挑战，因为它们内部结构的复杂性使得当前的磁-光约束方法无效。在这篇论文中，Daniel McCarron及同事在一个三维磁-光阱中演示了针对一个二原子分子（他们用的是一氟化锶）的一个磁-光阱的首次实现。作者所用方法是针对原子的磁-光阱的一个延伸，但它却利用了对原子阱很少加以利用的转变。一个被约束的分子是对基本常数进行高精度测定或在超冷温度下进行化学研究的一个理想起点。%Laser cooling and trapping are central to modern atomic physics. The most used technique in cold-atom physics is the magneto-optical trap (MOT), which combines laser cooling with a restoring force from radiation pressure. For a variety of atomic species, MOTs can capture and cool large numbers of particles to ultracold temperatures (less than ～1 millikelvin); this has enabled advances in areas that range from optical clocks to the study of ultracold collisions, while also serving as the ubiquitous starting point for further cooling into the regime of quantum degeneracy. Magneto-optical trapping of molecules could provide a similarly powerful starting point for the study and manipulation of ultracold molecular gases. The additional degrees of freedom associated with the vibration and rotation of molecules, particularly their permanent electric dipole moments, allow a broad array of applications not possible with ultracold atoms. Spurred by these ideas, a variety of methods has been developed to create ultracold molecules. Temperatures below 1 microkelvin have been demonstrated for diatomic molecules assembled from pre-cooled alkali atoms, but for the wider range of species amenable to direct cooling and trapping, only recently have temperatures below 100 millikelvin been achieved. The complex internal structure of molecules complicates magneto-optical trapping. However, ideas and methods necessary for creating a molecular MOT have been developed recently. Here we demonstrate three-dimensional magneto-optical trapping of a diatomic molecule, strontium monofluoride (SrF), at a temperature of approximately 2.5 millikelvin, the lowest yet achieved by direct cooling of a molecule. This method is a straightforward extension of atomic techniques and is expected to be viable for a significant number of diatomic species. With further development, we anticipate that this technique maybe employed in any number of existing and proposed molecular experiments, in applications ranging from precision measurement to quantum simulation and quantum information to ultracold chemistry.
机译：在过去十年，利用激光冷却来将原子冷却到接近绝度零度的温度、随后再将它们约束在磁-光阱中的做法，使得从新型原子钟到新型量子物质的一系列不同应用能够得以实现。分子则带来了一个不同的挑战，因为它们内部结构的复杂性使得当前的磁-光约束方法无效。在这篇论文中，Daniel McCarron及同事在一个三维磁-光阱中演示了针对一个二原子分子（他们用的是一氟化锶）的一个磁-光阱的首次实现。作者所用方法是针对原子的磁-光阱的一个延伸，但它却利用了对原子阱很少加以利用的转变。一个被约束的分子是对基本常数进行高精度测定或在超冷温度下进行化学研究的一个理想起点。%Laser cooling and trapping are central to modern atomic physics. The most used technique in cold-atom physics is the magneto-optical trap (MOT), which combines laser cooling with a restoring force from radiation pressure. For a variety of atomic species, MOTs can capture and cool large numbers of particles to ultracold temperatures (less than ～1 millikelvin); this has enabled advances in areas that range from optical clocks to the study of ultracold collisions, while also serving as the ubiquitous starting point for further cooling into the regime of quantum degeneracy. Magneto-optical trapping of molecules could provide a similarly powerful starting point for the study and manipulation of ultracold molecular gases. The additional degrees of freedom associated with the vibration and rotation of molecules, particularly their permanent electric dipole moments, allow a broad array of applications not possible with ultracold atoms. Spurred by these ideas, a variety of methods has been developed to create ultracold molecules. Temperatures below 1 microkelvin have been demonstrated for diatomic molecules assembled from pre-cooled alkali atoms, but for the wider range of species amenable to direct cooling and trapping, only recently have temperatures below 100 millikelvin been achieved. The complex internal structure of molecules complicates magneto-optical trapping. However, ideas and methods necessary for creating a molecular MOT have been developed recently. Here we demonstrate three-dimensional magneto-optical trapping of a diatomic molecule, strontium monofluoride (SrF), at a temperature of approximately 2.5 millikelvin, the lowest yet achieved by direct cooling of a molecule. This method is a straightforward extension of atomic techniques and is expected to be viable for a significant number of diatomic species. With further development, we anticipate that this technique maybe employed in any number of existing and proposed molecular experiments, in applications ranging from precision measurement to quantum simulation and quantum information to ultracold chemistry.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7514期|286-289B1|共5页
  • 作者

    J. F. Barry; D. J. McCarron; E. B. Norrgard; M. H. Steinecker; D. DeMille;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Physics, Yale University, PO Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA,Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Department of Physics, Yale University, PO Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;

    Department of Physics, Yale University, PO Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;

    Department of Physics, Yale University, PO Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;

    Department of Physics, Yale University, PO Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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