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Abundant SAR11 viruses in the ocean

机译:海洋中出现大量SAR11病毒

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摘要

Several reports proposed that the extraordinary dominance of the SAR11 bacterial clade in ocean ecosystems could be a consequence of unusual mechanisms of resistance to bacteriophage infection, including 'cryptic escape' through reduced cell size and/or K-strategist defence specialism. Alternatively, the evolution of high surface-to-volume ratios coupled with minimal genomes containing high-affinity transporters enables unusually efficient metabolism for oxidizing dissolved organic matter in the world's oceans that could support vast population sizes despite phage susceptibility. These ideas are important for understanding plankton ecology because they emphasize the potentially important role of top-down mechanisms in predation, thus determining the size of SAR11 populations and their concomitant role in biogeochemical cycling. Here we report the isolation of diverse SAR11 viruses belonging to two virus families in culture, for which we propose the name 'pela-giphage', after their host. Notably, the pelagiphage genomes were highly represented in marine viral metagenomes, demonstrating their importance in nature. One of the new phages, HTVC010P, represents a new podovirus subfamily more abundant than any seen previously, in all data sets tested, and may represent one of the most abundant virus subfamilies in the biosphere. This discovery disproves the theory that SAR11 cells are immune to viral predation and is consistent with the interpretation that the success of this highly abundant microbial clade is the result of successfully evolved adaptation to resource competition.%SAR11演化枝的细菌(最初之所以这样命名,rn是因为它们是在“马尾藻海”、即SargassornSea中发现的)是迄今世界海洋中最丰富的rn微生物,因而也是碳循环中一个重要因素。rn这项研究描述了感染从在俄勒冈沿海和百慕rn大海域所取水样中的SAR11的几种病毒的分rn离及随后的培养。元基因组分析显示,这些rn“pelagiphages”在太平洋中是丰富的。这些rn发现与最近提出用来解释为什么SAR11能获rn得成功的个假设是相悖的,即它们对病毒感rn染具有免疫力。相反,本文作者提出,SAR1rn的支配性地位可能反映了对资源竞争的成功rn适应。
机译:几份报告提出,SAR11细菌进化枝在海洋生态系统中的优势地位可能是对噬菌体感染产生抵抗力的异常机制的结果,包括通过减小细胞大小和/或K策略专家的“秘密逃逸”。另外,高表面体积比的进化以及包含高亲和力转运蛋白的最小基因组的结合,使异常有效的新陈代谢能够氧化世界海洋中的溶解有机物,尽管噬菌体易感性仍可支持庞大的种群规模。这些想法对于理解浮游生物生态非常重要,因为它们强调了自上而下机制在捕食中的潜在重要作用,从而确定了SAR11种群的大小及其在生物地球化学循环中的伴随作用。在这里,我们报告了文化中属于两个病毒家族的SAR11病毒的分离,我们将其命名为“ pela-giphage”,以其宿主命名。值得注意的是,噬菌体基因组在海洋病毒基因组中占有很高的比例,表明了它们在自然界中的重要性。在所有测试数据中,一种新的噬菌体HTVC010P代表了一个比以前更丰富的新足病毒亚家族,并且可能代表了生物圈中最丰富的病毒亚家族之一。这一发现反驳了SAR11细胞对病毒捕食具有免疫力的理论,并且与这种高度丰富的微生物进化枝的成功是对资源竞争成功适应的结果的解释相符。%SAR11进化枝的细菌(最初之所以这样命名,rn是因为它们是在“马尾藻海”,即SargassornSea中发现的)是还原今世界海洋中最丰富的rn微生物,因而也是碳循环中一个重要因素。元基因组分析显示,这些rn“ pelagiphages”在太平洋中是丰富的。相反,本文作者提出,SAR1rn的支配性可能反映了对资源竞争的成功rn适应。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7437期|357-360a3|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Microbiology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA;

    Department of Microbiology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA;

    Department of Microbiology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA;

    Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

    Department of Microbiology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA;

    Department of Microbiology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA;

    National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA;

    National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;

    Department of Microbiology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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