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Palaeontological evidence for an Oligocene divergence between Old World monkeys and apes

机译:旧世界猴子与猿猴渐新世发散的古生物学证据

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摘要

Apes and Old World monkeys are prominent components of modern African and Asian ecosystems, yet the earliest phases of their evolutionary history have remained largely undocumented. The absence of crown catarrhine fossils older than ~20 million years (Myr) has stood in stark contrast to molecular divergence estimates of ~25-30 Myr for the split between Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys) and Hominoidea (apes), implying long ghost lineages for both clades. Here we describe the oldest known fossil 'ape', represented by a partial mandible preserving dental features that place it with 'nyan-zapithecine' stem hominoids. Additionally, we report the oldest stem member of the Old World monkey clade, represented by a lower third molar. Both specimens were recovered from a precisely dated 25.2-Myr-old stratum in the Rukwa Rift, a segment of the western branch of the East African Rift in Tanzania. These finds extend the fossil record of apes and Old World monkeys well into the Oligocene epoch of Africa, suggesting a possible link between diversification of crown cat-arrhines and changes in the African landscape brought about by previously unrecognized tectonic activity in the East African rift system.
机译:猿猴和旧世界猴是现代非洲和亚洲生态系统的重要组成部分,但其进化历史的最早阶段仍未有文献记载。与2000万年前(Myr)相比没有冠状化脓性化石形成鲜明对比,与Cercopithecoidea(旧世界的猴子)和Hominoidea(猿)之间的分裂的分子差异估计为〜25-30 Myr,这暗示着长的幽灵世系对于两个进化枝。在这里,我们描述了最古老的已知化石“猿”,以部分下颌骨保留牙齿特征为代表,将其与“ nyan-zapithecine”茎类人猿放置在一起。此外,我们报告了旧世界猴子进化枝中最古老的茎成员,以较低的第三磨牙为代表。这两个标本都是从Rukwa裂谷(坦桑尼亚东非大裂谷的西部分支的一部分)中一个精确日期为25.2年前的地层中回收的。这些发现将猿猴和旧世界猴子的化石记录扩展到了非洲的渐新世时代,这表明,冠状猫科动物的多样化与东非裂谷系统先前未被认识到的构造活动所带来的非洲景观变化之间可能存在联系。 。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7451期|611-614|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA,Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA;

    Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA;

    Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA,Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA;

    School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville,Queensland 4811, Australia;

    School of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725-1535, USA;

    Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA,Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA;

    Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA;

    Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;

    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA;

    Tanzania Antiquities Unit, PO Box 2280, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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