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Locomotion dynamics of hunting in wild cheetahs

机译:野生猎豹的狩猎运动动态

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摘要

Although the cheetah is recognised as the fastest land animal, little is known about other aspects of its notable athleticism, particularly when hunting in the wild. Here we describe and use a new tracking collar of our own design, containing a combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial measurement units, to capture the locomotor dynamics and outcome of 367 predominantly hunting runs of five wild cheetahs in Botswana. A remarkable top speed of 25.9 m s~l (58 m.p.h. or 93 km h"1) was recorded, but most cheetah hunts involved only moderate speeds. We recorded some of the highest measured values for lateral and forward acceleration, deceleration and body-mass-specific power for any terrestrial mammal. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed locomotor information on the hunting dynamics of a large cursorial predator in its natural habitat. Measurements of instantaneous speed, acceleration and manoeuvring during athletic competition or hunting are rare, even for humans, horses and dogs, the most studied species. The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is acknowledged as the ultimate cursorial predator, and its published top speed of 29 ms~(-1) is considerably faster than racing speeds for greyhounds (18ms~(-1)), horses (19ms~(-1)) or humans (12 m s~(-1) see 'Analysis of Bolt's 100m' at http://berlin.iaaf.org/ records/biomechanics/index.html). Quantitative measurements of cheetah locomotion mechanics have only been made on captive animals chasing a lure in a straight line, with few studies eliciting speeds faster than racing greyhounds. For wild cheetahs, estimates of speed and track have been made from direct observation or film only, and are limited to open habitat and daylight hours.
机译:尽管猎豹被认为是最快的陆生动物,但对其显着运动能力的其他方面知之甚少,尤其是在野外狩猎时。在这里,我们描述并使用我们自己设计的新跟踪环,其中包含全球定位系统(GPS)和惯性测量单元的组合,以捕获博茨瓦纳5头野生猎豹的367次主要狩猎活动的运动动态和结果。记录到了惊人的最高速度25.9 ms〜l(58 mph或93 km h“ 1),但是大多数猎豹狩猎只涉及中等速度。我们记录了一些关于横向和向前加速度,减速度和身体质量的最高测量值据我们所知,这是第一个有关大型游标捕食者在其自然栖息地狩猎动态的详细运动信息,即使在体育比赛或狩猎期间,也很少测量瞬时速度,加速度和机动性,甚至猎豹(Acinonyx jubatus)被认为是终极的游标捕食者,其公开的最高速度为29 ms〜(-1),比赛狗(18ms〜)的竞速要快得多。 (-1)),马(19ms〜(-1))或人类(12ms〜(-1)参见http://berlin.iaaf.org/records/biomechanics/index.html上的“螺栓100m分析” )。仅对猎豹运动机理进行定量测量它是由圈养动物沿直线追逐诱饵制成的,很少有研究能比赛灵狮更快地引诱速度。对于野生猎豹,只能通过直接观察或拍摄来估计速度和轨迹,并且仅限于开放的栖息地和白天。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7453期|185-189|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Structure & Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;

    Structure & Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;

    Structure & Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;

    Structure & Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;

    Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana. tPresent addresses:Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Uni versity of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6PE, UK(P.E.H.), Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana,and Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X13 5QL, UK (K.A.G.);

    Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana. tPresent addresses:Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Uni versity of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6PE, UK(P.E.H.), Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana,and Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X13 5QL, UK (K.A.G.);

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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