Enzyme duo elicit nerve branching

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Enzyme duo elicit nerve branching

机译：酶二重物引起神经分支

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A pair of enzymes control where synapses form in neurons by guiding the transport of energy-producing organelles called mitochondria. A team led by Franck Polleux at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, identified two enzymes that are required for axons (the long message-transmitting stalks of neurons) to branch and form synapses with other neurons. When these enzymes were overexpressed in neurons, mitochondria moving down the axon, along microtubules, were immobilized at the point where axons would form synapses. Higher levels of these enzymes boosted axon branching (pictured), whereas lower levels reduced it. The researchers suggest that the two enzymes work together to tell mitochondria where to stop and thus where synapses will form. Mitochondrial transport could factor in the development of a wide range of disorders, including autism, through its effects on synapse formation, the authors say.

机译：一对酶通过引导产生能量的细胞器线粒体的运输来控制神经元中突触的形成位置。加利福尼亚州拉霍亚斯克里普斯研究所的弗兰克·波勒克斯（Franck Polleux）领导的一个小组确定了轴突（神经元的长消息传递茎）分支并与其他神经元形成突触所需的两种酶。当这些酶在神经元中过度表达时，沿着微管沿着轴突向下移动的线粒体被固定在轴突形成突触的位置。这些酶的较高含量可促进轴突分支（如图所示），而较低的水平则可减少轴突分支。研究人员建议，这两种酶共同作用，告诉线粒体在哪里停止，从而在哪里形成突触。这组作者说，线粒体运输通过对突触形成的影响，可能导致包括自闭症在内的多种疾病的发展。

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《Nature》 |2013年第7455期|411-411|共1页
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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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4. Branching pattern differences among maize amylopectins varying in starch-branching enzyme isoform activities [C] . H. Xia, M. Guiltinan, D. Thompson Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists International . 2005

机译：玉米支链淀粉中的分支模式差异在淀粉分支酶同种型活性中变化
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6. Maize Starch-Branching Enzyme Isoforms and Amylopectin Structure. In the Absence of Starch-Branching Enzyme IIb, the Further Absence of Starch-Branching Enzyme Ia Leads to Increased Branching [O] . Yuan Yao, Donald B. Thompson, Mark J. Guiltinan 2018

机译：玉米淀粉分支酶同工型和支链淀粉结构。在缺乏淀粉分支酶IIb的情况下，进一步缺乏淀粉分支酶Ia会导致分支增加
7. Maize Starch-Branching Enzyme Isoforms and Amylopectin Structure. In the Absence of Starch-Branching Enzyme IIb, the Further Absence of Starch-Branching Enzyme Ia Leads to Increased Branching1 [O] . Yao, Yuan, Thompson, Donald B., Guiltinan, Mark J. 2004

机译：玉米淀粉分支酶同工型和支链淀粉结构。在缺乏淀粉分支酶IIb的情况下，进一步缺乏淀粉分支酶Ia会导致分支增加。
8. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Maize Starch Branching Isoforms: Modulation of Starch Branching Enzyme Isoform Activities in Maize to Produce Starch with Novel Branching Architecture and Properties [R] . Guiltinan, M. J., Thompson, D. 2008

机译：玉米淀粉分支异构体的分子遗传分析：玉米淀粉分支酶同工酶活性调控产生淀粉的新分支结构和性质

Enzyme duo elicit nerve branching

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