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Crystallites of magnetic charges in artificial spin ice

机译:人造自旋冰中的磁性微晶

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摘要

Artificial spin ice is a class of lithographically created arrays of interacting ferromagnetic nanometre-scale islands. It was introduced to investigate many-body phenomena related to frustration and disorder in a material that could be tailored to precise specifications and imaged directly. Because of the large magnetic energy scales of these nanoscale islands, it has so far been impossible to thermally anneal artificial spin ice into desired thermodynamic ensembles; nearly all studies of artificial spin ice have either treated it as a granular material activated by alternating fields or focused on the as-grown state of the arrays. This limitation has prevented experimental investigation of novel phases that can emerge from the nominal ground states of frustrated lattices. For example, artificial kagome spin ice, in which the islands are arranged on the edges of a hexagonal net, is predicted to support states with monopolar charge order at entropies below that of the previously observed pseudo-ice manifold. Here we demonstrate a method for therma-lizing artiticial spin ices with square and kagome lattices by heating above the Curie temperature of the constituent material. In this manner, artificial square spin ice achieves unprecedented thermal ordering of the moments. In artificial kagome spin ice, we observe incipient crystallization of the magnetic charges embedded in pseudo-ice, with crystallites of magnetic charges whose size can be controlled by tuning the lattice constant. We find excellent agreement between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations of emergent charge-charge interactions.
机译:人造自旋冰是一类由光刻技术形成的相互作用的铁磁纳米级岛阵列。它被引入来研究与挫折和混乱有关的多体现象,这种现象可以根据精确的规格进行定制并直接成像。由于这些纳米级岛的磁能规模很大,到目前为止,不可能将人造自旋冰热退火成所需的热力学集合体;这是不可能的。几乎所有对人造旋转冰的研究都将其视为由交变场激活的颗粒状材料,或专注于阵列的生长状态。这种局限性阻止了对可能从受挫晶格的标称基态出现的新型相进行实验研究。例如,人工岛形冰晶(其中的岛排列在六边形网的边缘上)被预测以低于先前观察到的伪冰流形的熵来支持具有单极性电荷级的态。在这里,我们演示了一种通过加热到构成材料的居里温度以上来热化具有正方形和kagome晶格的人工旋转冰的方法。这样,人造方冰就可以实现空前的力矩热定序。在人造kagome自旋冰中,我们观察到伪冰中嵌入的电荷的初期结晶,其微晶的大小可以通过调整晶格常数来控制。我们发现实验数据和新兴的电荷-电荷相互作用的蒙特卡洛模拟之间的极好的一致性。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7464期|553-557|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Physics and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;

    Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;

    Theoretical Division, MS B258, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA;

    Theoretical Division, MS B258, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA;

    Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;

    Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA,Thin Film Magnetism Group ,Department of Physics,Cavendish Laboratory,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB3 OHE, UK;

    Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;

    Department of Physics and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;

    Department of Physics and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;

    Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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