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The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China

机译：中国引起人类感染的H7N9流感病毒的起源和来源

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摘要

A novel H7N9 influenza A virus first detected in March 2013 has since caused more than 130 human infections in China, resulting in 40 deaths. Preliminary analyses suggest that the virus is a reassor-tant of H7, N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses, and carries some amino acids associated with mammalian receptor binding, raising concerns of a new pandemic. However, neither the source populations of the H7N9 outbreak lineage nor the conditions for its genesis are fully known. Using a combination of active surveillance, screening of virus archives, and evolutionary analyses, here we show that H7 viruses probably transferred from domestic duck to chicken populations in China on at least two independent occasions. We show that the H7 viruses subsequently reassorted with enzootic H9N2 viruses to generate the H7N9 outbreak lineage, and a related previously unrecognized H7N7 lineage. The H7N9 outbreak lineage has spread over a large geographic region and is prevalent in chickens at live poultry markets, which are thought to be the immediate source of human infections. Whether the H7N9 outbreak lineage has, or will, become enzootic in China and neighbouring regions requires further investigation. The discovery here of a related H7N7 influenza virus in chickens that has the ability to infect mammals experimentally, suggests that H7 viruses may pose threats beyond the current outbreak. The continuing prevalence of H7 viruses in poultry could lead to the generation of highly pathogenic variants and further sporadic human infections, with a continued risk of the virus acquiring human-to-human transmissibility.%Yi Guan及同事研究了最近在中国人群中出现的H7N9流感病毒的演化史。通过在流感爆发后不久所进行的实地监测，作者提供了若干新禽流感病毒的基因组：34个H7N7基因组、3个H7N9基因组和19个H9N2基因组、以及从在2000年和2013年间在中国南方收集到的存档分离菌种得到的197个序列。他们发现，H7病毒至少在两个独立场合可能是从鸭传给鸡的，与H9N2病毒的再分类产生了H7N9这个爆发类别以及另一个以前没有被识别出的H7N7类别。这些H7N7病毒在实验中能感染雪貂，而且虽然还没有什么证据证明这些病毒已适应了哺乳动物，但作者提出，目前的疫情威胁可能会超越H7N9病毒。
机译：自2013年3月以来首次发现的新型H7N9甲型流感病毒已在​​中国造成130多例人类感染，导致40人死亡。初步分析表明，该病毒是H7，N9和H9N2禽流感病毒的佐剂，并携带一些与哺乳动物受体结合相关的氨基酸，引起了对新流行病的关注。但是，H7N9爆发谱系的来源种群及其发生的条件都不清楚。结合主动监视，病毒档案的筛选和进化分析，我们发现至少在两次独立的情况下，H7病毒可能从家鸭转移到了中国的鸡群。我们显示，H7病毒随后与重症H9N2病毒重新组合以产生H7N9爆发谱系，以及相关的先前无法识别的H7N7谱系。 H7N9暴发沿袭已散布在一个较大的地理区域，并普遍存在于活禽市场的鸡中，据认为这是人类感染的直接来源。 H7N9爆发谱系在中国及周边地区是否已经流行，是否将成为流行病，尚需进一步调查。这里在鸡中发现了一种相关的H7N7流感病毒，该病毒具有通过实验感染哺乳动物的能力，这表明H7病毒可能构成了当前疫情以外的威胁。家禽中H7病毒的持续流行可能导致高致病性变体的产生和进一步的零星人类感染，并持续存在该病毒获得人对人传播的风险。出现在H7N9流感病毒的进化史。他们发现，H7病毒至少在两个单独场合可能是从鸭传给鸡的，与H9N2病毒的再分类产生了H7N9这些爆发类别以及另一个以前没有被识别出的H7N7类别。这些H7N7病毒在实验中能感染雪貂，而且虽然还没有什么证据证明这些病毒已适应了微观，但作者提出，目前的疫情威胁可能会超越H7N9病毒。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7470期|241-244b3|共5页
  • 作者

    Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam; Jia Wang; Yongyi Shen; Boping Zhou; Lian Duan; Chung-Lam Cheung; Chi Ma; Samantha J. Lycett; Connie Yin-Hung Leung; Xinchun Chen; Lifeng Li; Wenshan Hong; Yujuan Chai; Linlin Zhou; Huyi Liang; Zhihua Ou; Yongmei Liu; Amber Farooqui; David J. Kelvin; Leo L. M. Poon; David K. Smith; Oliver G. Pybus; Gabriel M. Leung; Yuelong Shu; Robert G. Webster; Richard J. Webby; Joseph S. M. Peiris; Andrew Rambaut; Huachen Zhu; Yi Guan;

  • 作者单位

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Vaccine Research Centre (SUMC/UHN), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;

    Joint Vaccine Research Centre (SUMC/UHN), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X1 3PS, UK,Meta biota, San Francisco, California 94104, USA;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, China;

    Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA;

    Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2220, USA;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;

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