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An Earth-sized planet with an Earth-like density

机译：具有类似地球密度的地球大小的行星

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摘要

人们目前已经发现少数几个与地球的大小或质量差不多的太阳系外行星。现在，它们当中一个的大小质量首次同时被确定。于今年8月被首次描述的Kepler-78b靠近其主星，它绕后者每8.5小时转一圈。两个小组得以能够利用行星和恒星之间的近距离来对Kepler-78b的质量进行多普勒光谱测定。由Andrew Howard和Francesco Pepe领导的这两个小组采用不同天文望远镜分别对该行星的质量做出了估计，其结果分别为1.69 ± 0.41和1.86+0.38/-0.245个地球质量。他们计算出该行星的平均密度分别为5.3和5.57gcm~(-3),这非常像地球的平均密度，并且说明它具有与地球相似的岩石和铁组成。%Recent analyses of data from the NASA Kepler spacecraft have established that planets with radii within 25 per cent of the Earth's (R_(+)) are commonplace throughout the Galaxy, orbiting at least 16.5 per cent of Sun-like stars. Because these studies were sensitive to the sizes of the planets but not their masses, the question remains whether these Earth-sized planets are indeed similar to the Earth in bulk composition. The smallest planets for which masses have been accurately determined are Kepler-10b (1.42R_(+)) and Kepler-36b (1.49R_(+)), which are both significantly larger than the Earth. Recently, the planet Kepler-78b was discovered and found to have a radius of only 1.16R_(+). Here we report that the mass of this planet is 1.86 Earth masses. The resulting mean density of the planet is 5.57 g em~(-3), which is similar to that of the Earth and implies a composition of iron and rock.
机译：人们目前已经发现少数几个与地球的大小或质量差不多的太阳系外行星。现在，它们当中一个的大小质量首次同时被确定。于今年8月被首次描述的Kepler-78b靠近其主星，它绕后者每8.5小时转一圈。两个小组得以能够利用行星和恒星之间的近距离来对Kepler-78b的质量进行多普勒光谱测定。由Andrew Howard和Francesco Pepe领导的这两个小组采用不同天文望远镜分别对该行星的质量做出了估计，其结果分别为1.69 ± 0.41和1.86+0.38/-0.245个地球质量。他们计算出该行星的平均密度分别为5.3和5.57gcm~(-3),这非常像地球的平均密度，并且说明它具有与地球相似的岩石和铁组成。%Recent analyses of data from the NASA Kepler spacecraft have established that planets with radii within 25 per cent of the Earth's (R_(+)) are commonplace throughout the Galaxy, orbiting at least 16.5 per cent of Sun-like stars. Because these studies were sensitive to the sizes of the planets but not their masses, the question remains whether these Earth-sized planets are indeed similar to the Earth in bulk composition. The smallest planets for which masses have been accurately determined are Kepler-10b (1.42R_(+)) and Kepler-36b (1.49R_(+)), which are both significantly larger than the Earth. Recently, the planet Kepler-78b was discovered and found to have a radius of only 1.16R_(+). Here we report that the mass of this planet is 1.86 Earth masses. The resulting mean density of the planet is 5.57 g em~(-3), which is similar to that of the Earth and implies a composition of iron and rock.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7476期|377-380a3|共5页
  • 作者

    Francesco Pepe; Andrew Collier Cameron; David W. Latham; Emilio Molinari; Stephane Udry; Aldo S. Bonomo; Lars A. Buchhave; David Charbonneau; Rosario Cosentino; Courtney D. Dressing; Xavier Dumusque; Pedro Figueira; Aldo F. M. Fiorenzano; Sara Gettel; Avet Harutyunyan; Raphaeelle D. Haywood; Keith Home; Mercedes Lopez-Morales; Christophe Lovis; Luca Malavolta; Michel Mayor; Giusi Micela; Fatemeh Motalebi; Valerio Nascimbeni; David Phillips; Giampaolo Piotto; Don Pollacco; Didier Queloz; Ken Rice; Dimitar Sasselov; Damien Segransan; Alessandro Sozzetti; Andrew Szentgyorgyi; hristopher A. Watson;

  • 作者单位

    Observatoire Astronomique de I'Universite de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;

    Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    INAF-Fundacion Galileo Galilei, Rambla Jose Ana Fernandez Perez 7, 38712 Brena Baja, Spain,INAF - IASF Milano, via Bassini 15,20133 Milano, Italy;

    Observatoire Astronomique de I'Universite de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;

    INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20,10025 Pino Torinese, Italy;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA,Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    INAF-Fundacion Galileo Galilei, Rambla Jose Ana Fernandez Perez 7, 38712 Brena Baja, Spain,INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Centro de Astrofisica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal;

    INAF-Fundacion Galileo Galilei, Rambla Jose Ana Fernandez Perez 7, 38712 Brena Baja, Spain;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    INAF-Fundacion Galileo Galilei, Rambla Jose Ana Fernandez Perez 7, 38712 Brena Baja, Spain;

    Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK;

    Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Observatoire Astronomique de I'Universite de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita' di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3,35122 Padova, Italy,INAF-Osservatorio Astronomicodi Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5,35122 Padova, Italy;

    Observatoire Astronomique de I'Universite de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomicodi Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1,90124 Palermo, Italy;

    Observatoire Astronomique de I'Universite de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomicodi Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5,35122 Padova, Italy;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita' di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3,35122 Padova, Italy,INAF-Osservatorio Astronomicodi Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5,35122 Padova, Italy;

    Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;

    Observatoire Astronomique de I'Universite de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland,Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 OHE, UK;

    Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH93HJ, UK;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Observatoire Astronomique de I'Universite de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;

    INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20,10025 Pino Torinese, Italy;

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 INN, UK;

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