首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit
【24h】

Observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit

机译:超导电路中动态卡西米尔效应的观察

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           

摘要

One of the most surprising predictions of modern quantum theory is that the vacuum of space is not empty. In fact, quantum theory predicts that it teems with virtual particles flitting in and out of existence. Although initially a curiosity, it was quickly realized that these vacuum fluctuations had measurable consequences-for instance, producing the Lamb shift1 of atomic spectra and modifying the magnetic moment of the electron2. This type of renorma-lization due to vacuum fluctuations is now central to our understanding of nature. However, these effects provide indirect evidence for the existence of vacuum fluctuations. From early on, it was discussed whether it might be possible to more directly observe the virtual particles that compose the quantum vacuum. Forty years ago, it was suggested3 that a mirror undergoing relativistic motion could convert virtual photons into directly observable real photons. The phenomenon, later termed the dynamical Casimir effect4'5, has not been demonstrated previously. Here we observe the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit consisting of a coplanar transmission line with a tunable electrical length. The rate of change of the electrical length can be made very fast (a substantial fraction of the speed of light) by modulating the inductance of a superconducting quantum interference device at high frequencies (>10 gigahertz). In addition to observing the creation of real photons, we detect two-mode squeezing in the emitted radiation, which is a signature of the quantum character of the generation process.%一个真空中相互平行的两个镜面会产生一个吸引力,这就是“Casimit效应”,该效应将量子真空行为的某些方面与相对论结合在了一起。这种力是当真空波动(忽而存在、忽而不存在的虚拟粒子)减小两个镜面之间的辐射压力、产生一个内向力时出现的。这种静态效应已得到了深入的研究,但理论还预测存在一个动态“Casimir效应”,它是由真空模式在时间上、而不是在空间上的错配产生的。这篇论文介绍了在一个超导电路中对该现象的首次观测。
机译:现代量子理论最令人惊讶的预测之一是空间的真空不是空的。实际上,量子理论预言它会随着虚拟粒子飞进或飞出而充满。尽管起初是出于好奇,但很快就意识到这些真空波动会产生可测量的结果,例如,产生原子光谱的Lamb shift1并改变电子2的磁矩。现在,由于真空波动而导致的这种重新规范化对于我们了解自然至关重要。但是,这些影响为真空波动的存在提供了间接证据。从一开始,就讨论了是否有可能更直接地观察组成量子真空的虚拟粒子。四十年前,有人建议3进行相对论运动的镜子可以将虚拟光子转换为可直接观察的真实光子。该现象后来被称为动态卡西米尔效应4'5,此前尚未得到证实。在这里,我们观察到由具有可调电长度的共面传输线组成的超导电路中的动态卡西米尔效应。通过在高频(> 10 GHz)上调制超导量子干涉装置的电感,可以使电长度的变化速率非常快(光速的相当一部分)。除了观察真实光子的产生之外,我们还检测发射辐射中的双模压缩,这是生成过程的量子特征的特征。这就是“ Casimit效应”,该效应将量子真空行为的某些方面与相对论结合在了一起。这种静态效应已得到了深刻的研究,但理论还预测存在一个动态的“ Casimir效应”,它是由真空模式在时间上,而不是在空间上的错配制品的。这篇论文介绍了在一个超导电路中该现象的首次观察。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7373期|p.376-379|共4页
  • 作者单位

    De pa rtment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg412 96, Sweden;

    De pa rtment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg412 96, Sweden;

    De pa rtment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg412 96, Sweden;

    De pa rtment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg412 96, Sweden;

    Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN,Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;

    University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;

    Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN,Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;

    De pa rtment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg412 96, Sweden;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号