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Spontaneous epigenetic variation in the Arabidopsis thaliana methylome

机译：拟南芥甲基化组的自发表观遗传变异

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摘要

Heritable epigenetic polymorphisms, such as differential cytosine methylation, can underlie phenotypic variation. Moreover, wild strains of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana differ in many epialleles, and these can influence the expression of nearby genes. However, to understand their role in evolution, it is imperative to ascertain the emergence rate and stability of epialleles, including those that are not due to structural variation. We have compared genome-wide DNA methylation among 10 A. thaliana lines, derived 30 generations ago from a common ancestor. Epimutations at individual positions were easily detected, and close to 30,000 cytosines in each strain were differentially methylated. In contrast, larger regions of contiguous methylation were much more stable, and the frequency of changes was in the same low range as that of DNA mutations. Like individual positions, the same regions were often affected by differential methylation in independent lines, with evidence for recurrent cycles of forward and reverse mutations. Transposable elements and short interfering RNAs have been causally linked to DNA methylation8. In agreement, differentially methylated sites were farther from transposable elements and showed less association with short interfering RNA expression than invariant positions. The biased distribution and frequent reversion of epimutations have important implications for the potential contribution of sequence-independent epialleles to plant evolution.
机译：可遗传的表观遗传多态性，例如差异性胞嘧啶甲基化，可能是表型变异的基础。此外，拟南芥植物的野生株在许多表位等位基因上也不同，并且它们可以影响附近基因的表达。但是，要了解它们在进化中的作用，必须确定表位等位基因的出现率和稳定性，包括那些不是由于结构变异而产生的位基因。我们已经比较了10个拟南芥品系中的全基因组DNA甲基化，这些品系是30年前从一个共同祖先获得的。容易检测到各个位置的突变，并且每个菌株中接近30,000个胞嘧啶被甲基化。相反，较大的连续甲基化区域更加稳定，并且变化频率与DNA突变处于相同的低范围内。像单个位置一样，同一区域通常受独立系中差异甲基化的影响，并有正向和反向突变的循环周期的证据。转座因子和短干扰RNA已与DNA甲基化有因果关系8。一致地，差异甲基化位点距离转座元件更远，并且与不变位置相比，与短干扰RNA表达的关联性更低。表位突变的有偏分布和频繁逆转对与序列无关的等位基因对植物进化的潜在贡献具有重要意义。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7376期|p.245-249|共5页
  • 作者

    Claude Becker; Joerg Hagmann; Jonas Mueller; Daniel Koenig; Oliver Stegle; Karsten Horgwardr; Detlel Weigel;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;

    Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;

    Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;

    Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;

    Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;

    Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;

    Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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