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A large atomic chlorine source inferred from mid-continental reactive nitrogen chemistry

机译:从中陆活性氮化学推断出大量的氯原子来源

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摘要

Halogen atoms and oxides are highly reactive and can profoundly affect atmospheric composition. Chlorine atoms can decrease the lifetimes of gaseous elemental mercury and hydrocarbons such as the greenhouse gas methane. Chlorine atoms also influence cycles that catalytically destroy or produce tropospheric ozone, a greenhouse gas potentially toxic to plant and animal life. Conversion of inorganic chloride into gaseous chlorine atom precursors within the troposphere is generally considered a coastal or marine air phenomenon. Here we report mid-continental observations of the chlorine atom precursor nitryl chloride at a distance of 1,400 km from the nearest coastline. We observe persistent and significant nitryl chloride production relative to the consumption of its nitrogen oxide precursors. Comparison of these findings to model predictions based on aerosol and precipitation composition data from long-term monitoring networks suggests nitryl chloride production in the contiguous USA alone is at a level similar to previous global estimates for coastal and marine regions. We also suggest that a significant fraction of tropospheric chlorine atoms may arise directly from anthropogenic pollutants.
机译:卤素原子和氧化物具有很高的反应活性,会严重影响大气成分。氯原子会缩短气态元素汞和碳氢化合物(例如温室气体甲烷)的寿命。氯原子还影响催化破坏或产生对流层臭氧的循环,对流层臭氧是一种可能对动植物造成毒性的温室气体。通常认为对流层中无机氯化物转化为气态氯原子前体是沿海或海洋空气现象。在这里,我们报告了距最近海岸线1,400 km处的氯原子前体硝酰氯的中洲大陆观测结果。我们观察到相对于其氮氧化物前体的消耗而言,持久且显着的硝酰氯生产。将这些发现与基于长期监测网络的气溶胶和降水成分数据的模型预测进行比较后,发现仅在美国附近的​​硝酰氯生产量就与之前对沿海和海洋地区的全球估算水平相似。我们还建议,对流层氯原子的很大一部分可能直接来自人为污染物。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7286期|271-274|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234, USA;

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;

    Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA;

    Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;

    Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;

    Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;

    Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA;

    Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA;

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;

    Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA;

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