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The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification

机译：海冰减少在近期北极温度放大中的核心作用

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摘要

The rise in Arctic near-surface air temperatures has been almost twice as large as the global average in recent decadesa feature known as 'Arctic amplification'. Increased concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases have driven Arctic and global average warming; however, the underlying causes of Arctic amplification remain uncertain. The roles of reductions in snow and sea ice cover and changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, cloud cover and water vapour are still matters of debate. A better understanding of the processes responsible for the recent amplified warming is essential for assessing the likelihood, and impacts, of future rapid Arctic warming and sea ice loss13'14. Here we show that the Arctic warming is strongest at the surface during most of the year and is primarily consistent with reductions in sea ice cover. Changes in cloud cover, in contrast, have not contributed strongly to recent warming. Increases in atmospheric water vapour content, partly in response to reduced sea ice cover, may have enhanced warming in the lower part of the atmosphere during summer and early autumn. We conclude that diminishing sea ice has had a leading role in recent Arctic temperature amplification. The findings reinforce suggestions that strong positive ice-temperature feedbacks have emerged in the Arctic, increasing the chances of further rapid warming and sea ice loss, and will probably affect polar ecosystems, ice-sheet mass balance and human activities in the Arctic.
机译：近几十年来，北极近地表气温的上升几乎是全球平均水平的两倍，这就是所谓的“北极放大”现象。大气中温室气体浓度的增加推动了北极和全球平均变暖。但是，北极放大的根本原因仍然不确定。减少雪和海冰覆盖以及改变大气和海洋循环，云层覆盖和水蒸气的作用仍是争论的话题。更好地了解导致近期变暖的过程对于评估未来北极迅速变暖和海冰流失的可能性和影响至关重要。在这里，我们表明，在一年中的大部分时间里，北极的变暖最强烈，这主要与海冰覆盖量的减少相一致。相比之下，云量的变化并没有对近期的变暖做出很大贡献。夏季和初秋期间，大气水蒸气含量的增加（部分是由于海冰覆盖减少所致）可能会导致大气下部的升温加剧。我们得出的结论是，海冰减少在最近的北极温度放大中起着主导作用。这些发现进一步表明，北极已经出现了强烈的冰温正反馈，增加了进一步迅速变暖和海冰流失的机会，并有可能影响北极的生态系统，冰盖质量平衡和人类活动。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7293期|p.1334-1337|共4页
  • 作者

    James A. Screen; Ian Simmonds;

  • 作者单位

    School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;

    School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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