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Early Pleistocene human occupation at the edge of the boreal zone in northwest Europe

机译:西北欧北部边缘地区的更新世早期人类占领

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摘要

The dispersal of early humans from Africa by 1.75 Myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of Flores in the east to the Iberian peninsula in the west. This range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and Mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45° N. Until recently, early colonization in Europe was thought to be confined to the area south of the Pyrenees and Alps. However, evidence from Pakefield (Suffolk, UK) at ~0.7 Myr indicated that humans occupied northern European latitudes when a Mediterranean-type climate prevailed. This provided the basis for an 'ebb and flow" model, where human populations were thought to survive in southern refugia during cold stages, only expanding northwards during fully temperate climates. Here we present new evidence from Happisburgh (Norfolk, UK) demonstrating that Early Pleistocene hominins were present in northern Europe >0.78 Myr ago when they were able to survive at the southern edge of the boreal zone. This has significant implications for our understanding of early human behaviour, adaptation and survival, as well as the tempo and mode of colonization after their first dispersal out of Africa.
机译:从1.75迈尔之前,非洲早期人类的扩散导致其范围从东部的弗洛雷斯岛到西部的伊比利亚半岛有了显着扩大。该范围包括热带森林,热带稀树草原和地中海生境,但迄今尚未证明超过45°N。直到最近,欧洲的早期殖民地仍被认为仅限于比利牛斯山脉和阿尔卑斯山以南地区。然而,来自帕克菲尔德(英国萨福克)的证据显示,在约0.7迈尔时,地中海型气候盛行时,人类占领了北欧的纬度。这为“潮起潮落”模型提供了基础,在该模型中,人们被认为在寒冷时期的南部避难所中生存,仅在完全温带气候下向北扩展。在这里,我们提供了来自哈皮斯堡(英国诺福克)的新证据,证明了早期更新世的人类素存在于北欧> 0.78 Myr之前,当时它们能够在北方地区的南部边缘生存,这对我们对人类早期行为,适应和生存以及人类的节奏和方式的理解具有重要意义。在他们第一次散布到非洲之后进行殖民。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7303期|P.229-233|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;

    rnDepartment of Prehistory and Europe, British Museum, Franks House, 38-56 Orsman Road, London N1 5QJ, UK;

    rnDepartment of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;

    rnDepartment of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;

    rnSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;

    rnDepartment of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515,2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;

    rnJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK;

    rnSchool of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;

    rnNorfolk Museums and Archaeology Service, The Shirehall, Market Avenue, Norwich NR1 3JQ, UK;

    rnDepartment of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;

    rnCentre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;

    rnCentre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;

    rn33 Wolsey Way, Cambridge CB1 3JQ, UK;

    rnDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK;

    rnCentre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;

    rnDepartment of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;

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