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An influence of solar spectral variations on radiative forcing of climate

机译：太阳光谱变化对气候辐射强迫的影响

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The thermal structure and composition of the atmosphere is determined fundamentally by the incoming solar irradiance. Radiation at ultraviolet wavelengths dissociates atmospheric molecules, initiating chains of chemical reactions-specifically those producing stratospheric ozone-and providing the major source of heating for the middle atmosphere, while radiation at visible and near-infrared wavelengths mainly reaches and warms the lower atmosphere and the Earth's surface. Thus the spectral composition of solar radiation is crucial in determining atmospheric structure, as well as surface temperature, and it follows that the response of the atmosphere to variations in solar irradiance depends on the spectrum. Daily measurements of the solar spectrum between 0.2 μm and 2.4 μm, made by the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite since April 2004, have revealed that over this declining phase of the solar cycle there was a four to six times larger decline in ultraviolet than would have been predicted on the basis of our previous understanding. This reduction was partially compensated in the total solar output by an increase in radiation at visible wavelengths. Here we show that these spectral changes appear to have led to a significant decline from 2004 to 2007 in stratospheric ozone below an altitude of 45 km, with an increase above this altitude. Our results, simulated with a radiative-photochemical model, are consistent with contemporaneous measurements of ozone from the Aura-MLS satellite, although the short time period makes precise attribution to solar effects difficult. We also show, using the SIM data, that solar radiative forcing of surface climate is out of phase with solar activity. Currently there is insufficient observational evidence to validate the spectral variations observed by SIM, or to fully characterize other solar cycles, but our findings raise the possibility that the effects of solar variability on temperature throughout the atmosphere may be contrary to current expectations.
机译：大气的热结构和组成基本上由入射的太阳辐照度决定。紫外线波长的辐射使大气分子解离，引发化学反应链-特别是产生平流层臭氧的化学反应链-并为中层大气提供了主要的热源，而可见光和近红外波长的辐射主要到达并温暖了低层大气和大气层。地球表面。因此，太阳辐射的光谱组成对于确定大气结构以及表面温度至关重要，因此，大气对太阳辐照度变化的响应取决于光谱。自2004年4月以来，由光谱辐射监测仪（SIM）对太阳辐射和气候实验（SORCE）卫星进行的光谱测量，每天对0.2μm至2.4μm的太阳光谱进行测量，结果表明，在太阳周期的这一下降阶段是紫外线衰减的四到六倍，比我们先前的理解所预期的要大。在可见光波长下辐射的增加部分抵消了总太阳能输出量的减少。在这里，我们显示出这些光谱变化似乎导致2004年至2007年平流层臭氧在45 km以下的高度显着下降，并在该高度以上增加。我们的结果用辐射光化学模型模拟，与同时测量Aura-MLS卫星中的臭氧是一致的，尽管时间很短，很难精确地归因于太阳效应。我们还使用SIM数据显示，地表气候的太阳辐射强迫与太阳活动的相位不同。当前，没有足够的观测证据来验证SIM观测到的光谱变化或完全表征其他太阳周期，但是我们的发现增加了太阳变化对整个大气温度的影响可能与当前预期相反的可能性。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7316期|P.696-699ⅲ|共5页
  • 作者

    Joanna D. Haigh; Ann R. Winning; Ralf Toumi; Jerald W. Harder;

  • 作者单位

    Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,UK;

    rnBlackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,UK;

    rnBlackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,UK;

    rnLaboratory for Atmosphericand Space Physics, University of Colorado, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder,Colorado 80303-7814, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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