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Piercing insights

机译：洞察力

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摘要

Pore-forming proteins are deadly biological weapons that punch holes in target-cell membranes. The structure of the pore formed by a bacterial toxin suggests that diverse pore formers have similar assembly pathways.rnNature's pore-forming proteins are primitive but lethal weapons. Bacteria use them to wage war against rival bacteria and to attack human cells. Not to be outdone, our immune defences use pore formers too, such as the complement component C9, which attacks bacteria and protozoa, and perforin, a protein that kills virus-rninfected cells. But despite their ubiquity, very little is known about the detailed structures of the pores formed by these proteins, as their elucidation presents substantial technical challenges. Fortunately, on page 726 of this issue, Mueller and colleagues now describe a striking X-ray structure of the pore formed by a bacterialrntoxin, which differs markedly from the sole previous example. Nevertheless, they propose an assembly mechanism that has features in common with many other pore formers.rnMany pore-forming proteins damage their targets simply by forming holes in the targets' outer membranes, whereas others, such as anthrax toxin, transport noxious substances into the victim's cells. Unlike most membrane proteins, which are inserted into membranes within the cell as they are made, pore-forming proteins are usually made in water-soluble, secreted forms, which then assemble in the target-cell membrane.
机译：成孔蛋白是致命的生物武器，可在靶细胞膜上打孔。由细菌毒素形成的孔的结构表明，不同的成孔剂具有相似的组装途径。大自然的成孔蛋白是原始的但致命的武器。细菌利用它们对敌对细菌发动战争并攻击人类细胞。值得一提的是，我们的免疫防御系统还使用了造孔剂，例如攻击细菌和原生动物的补体成分C9，以及杀死病毒感染细胞的蛋白穿孔素。但是，尽管它们无处不在，但对于这些蛋白质形成的孔的详细结构却知之甚少，因为它们的阐明提出了严峻的技术挑战。幸运的是，在此问题的第726页上，Mueller及其同事现在描述了由细菌毒素形成的孔的惊人X射线结构，该结构与唯一的先前示例明显不同。然而，他们提出了一种与许多其他成孔剂具有共同特征的组装机制。许多成孔蛋白仅通过在靶标外膜上形成孔而破坏靶标，而其他诸如炭疽毒素等毒素则将有害物质转运到靶标中。受害者的细胞。与大多数膜蛋白不同，成膜蛋白通常是在制备时插入细胞内膜中的，而成孔蛋白通常以水溶性，分泌形式制备，然后在靶细胞膜中组装。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7247期|651-652|共2页
  • 作者

    Hagan Bayley;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X13TA, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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