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Intrinsic light response of retinal horizontal cells of teleosts

机译：硬骨鱼视网膜水平细胞的内在光响应

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摘要

The discovery of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells has overthrown the long-held belief that rods and cones are the exclusive retinal photoreceptors. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells use melanopsin as the photopigment, and mediate non-image-forming visual functions such as circadian photoentrainment. In fish, in situ hybridization studies indicated that melanopsin is present in retinal horizontal cells-lateral association neurons critical for creating the centre-surround receptive fields of visual neurons. This raises the question of whether fish horizontal cells are intrinsically photosensitive. This notion was examined previously in flat-mount roach retina, but all horizontal-cell light response disappeared after synaptic transmission was blocked, making any conclusion difficult to reach. To examine this question directly, we have now recorded from single, acutely dissociated horizontal cells from catfish and goldfish. We found that light induced a response in catfish cone horizontal cells, but not rod horizontal cells, consisting of a modulation of the nifedipine-sensitive, voltage-gated calcium current. The light response was extremely slow, lasting for many minutes. Similar light responses were observed in a high percentage of goldfish horizontal cells. We have cloned two melanopsin genes and one vertebrate ancient (VA) opsin gene from catfish. In situ hybridization indicated that melanopsin, but less likely VA opsin, was expressed in the horizontal-cell layer of catfish retina. This intrinsic light response may serve to modulate, over a long time-scale, lateral inhibition mediated by these cells. Thus, at least in some vertebrates, there are retinal non-rodon-cone photoreceptors involved primarily in image-forming vision.
机译：固有的光敏性视网膜神经节细胞的发现推翻了长期以来一直认为的视杆和视锥细胞是视网膜专有的感光器的观点。本质上，光敏性视网膜神经节细胞使用黑视蛋白作为光色素，并介导非图像形成的视觉功能，例如昼夜节律光合。在鱼类中，原位杂交研究表明，黑素视蛋白存在于视网膜水平细胞-侧部缔合神经元中，这对于创建视觉神经元的中心-周围感受野至关重要。这就提出了鱼的水平细胞是否本身具有光敏性的问题。以前曾在平面安装的蟑螂视网膜中检查过这一概念，但在突触传递受阻后，所有水平细胞的光反应都消失了，因此很难得出任何结论。为了直接检查这个问题，我们现在从from鱼和金鱼的单个，急性解离的水平细胞中进行记录。我们发现光在induced鱼锥状水平细胞中诱导了反应，但在杆状水平细胞中却没有，这由硝苯地平敏感的电压门控钙电流的调制组成。光响应非常慢，持续了几分钟。在高百分比的金鱼水平细胞中观察到类似的光响应。我们已经从cat鱼中克隆了两个黑视蛋白基因和一个脊椎动物古代（VA）视蛋白基因。原位杂交表明，在op鱼视网膜的水平细胞层中表达了黑视蛋白，但不太可能是VA视蛋白。这种内在的光响应可以在很长的时间范围内调节由这些细胞介导的侧向抑制。因此，至少在一些脊椎动物中，存在主要参与成像视觉的视网膜非杆状/非锥状感光体。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7257期|899-903|共5页
  • 作者

    Ning Cheng; Takashi Tsunenari; King-Wai Yau;

  • 作者单位

    Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Unit of Developmental Neural Plasticity, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;

    Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Unit of Developmental Neural Plasticity, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;

    Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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