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Homothallic and heterothallic mating in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans

机译：机会病原体白色念珠菌的同型和异型交配

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摘要

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans, causing both debilitating mucosal infections and potentially life-threatening systemic infections. Until recently, C. albicans was thought to be strictly asexual, existing only as an obligate diploid. A cryptic mating cycle has since been uncovered in which diploid a and a cells undergo efficient cell and nuclear fusion, resulting in tetraploid a/a mating products. Whereas mating between a and a cells has been established (heterothallism), we report here two pathways for same-sex mating (homothallism) in C. albicans. First, unisexual populations of a cells were found to undergo autocrine pheromone signalling and same-sex mating in the absence of the Bar1 protease. In both C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevi-siae, Barl is produced by a cells and inactivates mating pheromone a, typically secreted by a cells710. C. albicans Δbar1 a cells were shown to secrete both a and a mating pheromones; a-pheromone activated self-mating in these cells in a process dependent on Ste2, the receptor for a-pheromone. In addition, pheromone production by a cells was found to promote same-sex mating between wild-type a cells. These results establish that homothallic mating can occur in C. albicans, revealing the potential for genetic exchange even within unisexual populations of the organism. Furthermore, Barl protease has an unexpected but pivotal role in determining whether sexual reproduction can potentially be homothallic or is exclusively heterothallic. These findings also have implications for the mode of sexual reproduction in related species that propagate unisexually, and indicate a role for specialized sexual cycles in the survival and adaptation of pathogenic fungi.
机译：白色念珠菌是人类最常见的真菌病原体，既使人虚弱的粘膜感染，又可能威胁生命的全身感染。直到最近，白念珠菌被认为是严格无性的，仅以专性二倍体存在。此后发现了一个隐密的交配循环，其中二倍体a和细胞进行有效的细胞和核融合，从而产生四倍体a / a交配产物。尽管已经建立了a和a细胞之间的交配（异戊二烯系），但我们在此报告了白色念珠菌的同性交配（同种异体系）的两种途径。首先，发现单性细胞群在没有Bar1蛋白酶的情况下经历自分泌信息素信号传导和同性交配。在白色念珠菌和酿酒酵母中，Barl由细胞产生，并使通常由细胞分泌的交配信息素a失活710。显示白色念珠菌Δbar1a细胞同时分泌α和交配信息素。 α-信息素在依赖于Ste2（α-信息素的受体）的过程中激活了这些细胞的自我交配。另外，发现细胞产生信息素可促进野生型a细胞之间的同性交配。这些结果表明，在白色念珠菌中可发生同型交配，从而揭示了即使在生物的无性种群中也可以进行遗传交换。此外，Barl蛋白酶在确定有性生殖是潜在的同型还是排异型方面具有意想不到的但至关重要的作用。这些发现也对单性繁殖的相关物种的有性生殖方式产生影响，并表明特定的性周期在致病真菌的存活和适应中的作用。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7257期|890-893|共4页
  • 作者

    Kevin Alby; Dana Schaefer; Richard J. Bennett;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;

    Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;

    Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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