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Detailed analysis

机译:详细分析

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摘要

Just as DNA mutations can cause disease, so too can changes in gene activity that don't depend on DNA sequence. For example, the addition of methyl groups to cytosines within the promoter regions of a gene, a process known as DNA methylation, typically represses the gene's activity. Similarly, the methylation, acetylation or ubiquitination of certain amino acids on histones - the main protein components of chromatin - can change the way DNA is wrapped around the histones and can affect which nearby genes are available for activation by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors. Such 'epigenetic' processes can have dire consequences. Many cancers and other diseases have aberrant DNA methylation at particular sites in the genome. And certain patterns of histone modification are key to biological events such as embryonic development, ageing and cell-cycle regulation.
机译:正如DNA突变会导致疾病一样,不依赖于DNA序列的基因活性也会发生变化。例如,在基因的启动子区域内向胞嘧啶添加甲基,这种过程称为DNA甲基化,通常会抑制基因的活性。同样,组蛋白上某些氨基酸的甲基化,乙酰化或泛素化(染色质的主要蛋白质成分)可以改变DNA在组蛋白周围的包裹方式,并影响附近的哪些基因可被诸如转录因子之类的调节蛋白激活。这样的“表观遗传”过程可能产生可怕的后果。许多癌症和其他疾病在基因组的特定位点都有异常的DNA甲基化。某些类型的组蛋白修饰是生物学事件(如胚胎发育,衰老和细胞周期调控)的关键。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2008年第7205期|p.795-798|共4页
  • 作者

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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