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Early origins and evolution of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs in animals

机译：动物中microRNA和Piwi相互作用RNA的早期起源和进化

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摘要

In bilaterian animals, such as humans, flies and worms, hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs), some conserved throughout bilaterian evolution, collectively regulate a substantial fraction of the transcriptome. In addition to miRNAs, other bilaterian small RNAs, known as Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), protect the genome from transposons. Here we identify small RNAs from animal phyla that diverged before the emergence of the Bilateria. The cnidarian Nematostella vectensis (starlet sea anemone), a close relative to the Bilateria, possesses an extensive repertoire of miRNA genes, two classes of piRNAs and a complement of proteins specific to small-RNA biology comparable to that of humans. The poriferan Amphimedon queenslandica (sponge), one of the simplest animals and a distant relative of the Bilateria, also possesses miRNAs, both classes of piRNAs and a full complement of the small-RNA machinery. Animal miRNA evolution seems to have been relatively dynamic, with precursor sizes and mature miRNA sequences differing greatly between poriferans, cnidarians and bilaterians. Nonetheless, miRNAs and piRNAs have been available as classes of riboregulators to shape gene expression throughout the evolution and radiation of animal phyla.
机译：在人类，苍蝇和蠕虫等双侧动物中，数百个微RNA（miRNA）（在整个双侧进化过程中一直保持保守）共同调节了转录组的大部分。除miRNA外，其他双侧小RNA（称为Piwi相互作用RNA（piRNA））可保护基因组免受转座子的侵害。在这里，我们从动物门中鉴定出了在Bilateria出现之前发散的小RNA。与Bilateria密切相关的刺胞线虫Nematostella vectensis（星状海葵）拥有大量的miRNA基因，两类piRNA和与人类相当的小RNA生物学特有的蛋白质补体。 poriferan Queenslandica（海绵）是最简单的动物之一，是Bilateria的远亲，它也拥有miRNA，既是piRNA的类别，也是小RNA机制的完整补充。动物miRNA的进化似乎是相对动态的，poriferans，cnidarians和bilaterians之间的前体大小和成熟的miRNA序列差异很大。尽管如此，miRNA和piRNA可以作为核糖调节剂的一类，以在动物门的进化和辐射过程中影响基因表达。

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