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Predator learning favours mimicry of a less-toxic model in poison frogs.

机译:捕食者的学习倾向于模仿毒蛙中毒性较小的模型。

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摘要

Batesian mimicry--resemblance of a toxic model by an edible mimic--depends on deceiving predators. Mimetic advantage is considered to be dependent on frequency because an increase in mimic abundance leads to breakdown of the warning signal. Where multiple toxic species are available, batesian polymorphism is predicted--that is, mimics diversify to match sympatric models. Despite the prevalence of batesian mimicry in nature, batesian polymorphism is relatively rare. Here we explore a poison-frog mimicry complex comprising two parapatric models and a geographically dimorphic mimic that shows monomorphism where models co-occur. Contrary to classical predictions, our toxicity assays, field observations and spectral reflectances show that mimics resemble the less-toxic and less-abundant model. We examine "stimulus generalization" as a mechanism for this non-intuitive result with learning experiments using naive avian predators and live poison frogs. We find that predators differ in avoidance generalization depending on toxicity of the model, conferring greater protection to mimics resembling the less-toxic model owing to overlap of generalized avoidance curves. Our work supports a mechanism of toxicity-dependent stimulus generalization, revealing an additional solution for batesian mimicry where multiple models coexist.
机译:贝叶斯模仿-通过可食用模仿模仿毒性模型-取决于欺骗掠食者。模仿优势被认为取决于频率,因为模仿丰度的增加会导致警告信号崩溃。在存在多种有毒物种的情况下,可以预测到贝叶斯多态性-也就是说,模拟物会多样化以匹配同胞模型。尽管自然界中普遍存在贝氏拟态,但贝氏分布的多态性相对罕见。在这里,我们探索了一种毒蛙模拟拟态,其中包括两个准父系模型和一个地理双态拟态,它在模型共现的情况下表现出单态性。与经典的预测相反,我们的毒性测定,现场观察和光谱反射率表明,模拟物类似于毒性较低且含量较低的模型。我们通过使用幼稚的鸟类捕食者和活毒蛙进行的学习实验,研究了“刺激一般性”作为这种非直觉结果的机制。我们发现,根据模型的毒性,捕食者在规避通用性方面有所不同,由于通用规避曲线的重叠,它们为类似于毒性较小的模型的模仿者提供了更大的保护。我们的工作支持毒性依赖性刺激泛化的机制,揭示了多个模型共存的贝茨拟态模拟的其他解决方案。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2006年第7081期|P.208-211|共4页
  • 作者

    Darst CR; Cummings ME;

  • 作者单位

    Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, 1 University Station, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. catdarst@mail.utexas.edu;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 基础医学;
  • 关键词

    Toxic effect; Mimicry; Models; Poisons; Learning; 毒物; 学习;

    机译:Toxic effect;Mimicry;Models;Poisons;Learning;毒物;学习;

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