Failure and how to avoid it

Kathleen D. Morrison

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Failure and how to avoid it

机译：失败以及如何避免

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摘要

Nothing lasts for ever, not least human civilizations. There are many reasons why societies stand or fall, and these lessons from the past require investigation at various places and on various timescales. Archaeology, it seems, really is a matter of life and death — this was the theme to emerge from a meeting convened to address the question of what makes societies more likely to collapse or to achieve long-term sustainability. Just as we do today, our ancestors faced problems of resource depletion, environmental degradation, political instability, demographic pressure and social upheaval And, as today, success in dealing with these challenges was never assured.

机译：没有什么会永远持续下去，尤其是人类文明。社会成败的原因很多，过去的经验教训需要在各个地方和各个时间范围内进行研究。看来，考古学确实是一个生死攸关的问题，这是会议的主题，该会议旨在解决社会更可能崩溃或实现长期可持续性的问题。就像我们今天所做的那样，我们的祖先面临资源枯竭，环境恶化，政治不稳定，人口压力和社会动荡的问题。像今天一样，永远无法确保成功应对这些挑战。

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来源
《Nature》 |2006年第7085期|p.752-754|共3页
作者
Kathleen D. Morrison;
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作者单位

Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, 1126 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学总论;
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7. ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary A report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee to revise the 1995 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure) developed in collaboration with the international society for heart and lung transplantation endorsed by the heart failure society of america51The document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees in November 2001 and the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in September 2001.52When citing this document, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association would appreciate the following citation format: Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, Cinquegrani MP, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Goldstein S, Gregoratos G, Jessup ML, Noble RJ, Packer M, Silver MA, Stevenson LW. ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:2101–13.53The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association make every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to provide disclosure statements of all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. These statements are reviewed by the parent task force, reported orally to all members of the writing panel at the first meeting, and updated as changes occur.54This document, as well as the corresponding full-text guidelines, is available on the World Wide Web sites of the American College of Cardiology (www.acc.org) and the American Heart Association (www.americanheart.org). Single reprints of the executive summary are available for $5.00 each by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Educational Services, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-1699. To purchase additional reprints up to 999 copies, call 800-611-6083 (US only) or fax 413-665-2671; 1000 or more copies, call 214-706-1466, fax 214-691-6342, or e-mail pubauth@heart.org (specify version: Executive Summary—71-0125; Full Text—71-1026).55© 2001 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, Inc. [O] . Hunt Sharon A, Baker David W, Chin Marshall H, 2001

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