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The chemical structure of the Hawaiian mantle plume

机译：夏威夷地幔柱的化学结构

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The Hawaiian - Emperor volcanic island and seamount chain is usually attributed to a hot mantle plume, located beneath the Pacific lithosphere, that delivers material sourced from deep in the mantle to the surface(1-5). The shield volcanoes of the Hawaiian islands are distributed in two curvilinear, parallel trends ( termed 'Kea' and 'Loa'), whose rocks are characterized by general geochemical differences(2-5). This has led to the proposition that Hawaiian volcanoes sample compositionally distinct, concentrically zoned, regions of the underlying mantle plume(4,5). Melt inclusions, or samples of local magma 'frozen' in olivine phenocrysts during crystallization, may record complexities of mantle sources(6), thereby providing better insight into the chemical structure of plumes. Here we report the discovery of both Kea- and Loa-like major and trace element compositions in olivine-hosted melt inclusions in individual, shield-stage Hawaiian volcanoes - even within single rock samples. We infer from these data that one mantle source component may dominate a single lava flow, but that the two mantle source components are consistently represented to some extent in all lavas, regardless of the specific geographic location of the volcano. We therefore suggest that the Hawaiian mantle plume is unlikely to be compositionally concentrically zoned. Instead, the observed chemical variation is probably controlled by the thermal structure of the plume.
机译：夏威夷-皇帝火山岛和海山链通常归因于位于太平洋岩石圈下方的热地幔柱，将地幔深处的物质输送到地表（1-5）。夏威夷群岛的盾构火山分布在两个曲线平行的趋势中（称为“ Kea”和“ Loa”），其岩石具有普遍的地球化学差异（2-5）。这导致了这样的主张，即夏威夷火山在下地幔柱中的成分组成明显，同心区域（4,5）。熔融包裹体或在结晶过程中橄榄石表晶中的局部岩浆“冻结”样本可能记录了地幔源的复杂性（6），从而提供了对羽状化学结构的更深入了解。在这里，我们报告了在单个盾构阶段夏威夷火山中甚至在单个岩石样品中的橄榄石质熔体包裹体中都发现了类似Kea和Loa的主要元素和微量元素组成。从这些数据中我们可以推断，一个地幔源组分可能在一个熔岩流中占主导地位，但是无论火山的具体地理位置如何，在所有熔岩中这两个地幔源组分在某种程度上都可以得到一致的表示。因此，我们建议夏威夷地幔柱不太可能在成分上同心地带。取而代之的是，观察到的化学变化可能由羽流的热结构控制。

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