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Earthquake rupture dynamics frozen in exhumed ancient faults

机译:挖掘出的古老断层中冻结的地震破裂动力学

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Most of our knowledge about co-seismic rupture propagation is derived from inversion and interpretation of strong-ground-motion seismograms(1-3), laboratory experiments on rock(4,5) and rock-analogue material(6), or inferred from theoretical and numerical elastodynamic models(7-9). However, additional information on dynamic rupture processes can be provided by direct observation of faults exhumed at the Earth's surface(10). Pseudotachylytes (solidified friction-induced melts(11,12)) are the most certain fault-rock indicator of seismicity on ancient faults(13). Here we show how the asymmetry in distribution and the orientation of pseudotachylyte-filled secondary fractures around an exhumed fault can be used to reconstruct the earthquake rupture directivity, rupture velocity and fracture energy, by comparison with the theoretical dynamic stress field computed around propagating fractures. In particular, the studied natural network of pseudotachylytes is consistent with a dominant propagation direction during repeated seismic events and subsonic rupture propagation close to the Rayleigh wave velocity.
机译:我们对同震破裂传播的大多数知识来自强地震动地震图的反演和解释(1-3),岩石(4,5)和岩石模拟材料的实验室实验(6)或从理论和数值弹性动力学模型(7-9)。但是,可以通过直接观察地球表面发掘出的断层来提供有关动态破裂过程的更多信息(10)。假速溶质(固结摩擦诱导的熔体(11,12))是古代断层地震活动性最确定的断层指示岩(13)。在这里,我们通过与在扩展裂缝周围计算的理论动态应力场进行比较,展示了如何在发掘断层周围填充假速溶质的次生裂缝的分布和方向不对称来重建地震破裂方向,破裂速度和破裂能量。特别地,研究的假速溶物的自然网络与重复地震事件和次声波破裂传播过程中接近瑞利波速度的主导传播方向一致。

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