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Myosin domain evolution and the primary divergence of eukaryotes

机译:肌球蛋白域的进化和真核生物的主要分歧

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Eukaryotic cells have two contrasting cytoskeletal and ciliary organizations. The simplest involves a single cilium-bearing centriole, nucleating a cone of individual microtubules ( probably ancestral for unikonts: animals, fungi, Choanozoa and Amoebozoa). In contrast, bikonts ( plants, chromists and all other protozoa) were ancestrally biciliate with a younger anterior cilium, converted every cell cycle into a dissimilar posterior cilium and multiple ciliary roots of microtubule bands. Here we show by comparative genomic analysis that this fundamental cellular dichotomy also involves different myosin molecular motors. We found 37 different protein domain combinations, often lineage-specific, and many previously unidentified. The sequence phylogeny and taxonomic distribution of myosin domain combinations identified five innovations that strongly support unikont monophyly and the primary bikont/unikont bifurcation. We conclude that the eukaryotic cenancestor ( last common ancestor) had a cilium, mitochondria, pseudopodia, and myosins with three contrasting domain combinations and putative functions.
机译:真核细胞具有两个相反的细胞骨架和睫状组织。最简单的方法是单个带有纤毛的中心核,使单个微管的圆锥形成核(对于单子动物可能是祖先的:动物,真菌,choanozoa和Amoebozoa)。相比之下,bikonts(植物,染色剂和所有其他原生动物)在祖先是具纤毛的,具较年轻的前纤毛,将每个细胞周期转化为不同的后纤毛和微管带的多个纤毛根。在这里,我们通过比较基因组分析表明,这种基本的细胞二分法还涉及不同的肌球蛋白分子马达。我们发现了37种不同的蛋白质结构域组合,通常是谱系特异性的,并且许多以前是未知的。肌球蛋白域组合的序列系统发生学和分类学分布确定了五项创新,这些创新强烈支持单节和单节/单节分叉。我们得出的结论是,真核祖先(最后一个共同祖先)具有纤毛,线粒体,假足和肌球蛋白,具有三个相反的域组合和假定的功能。

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