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Impact of regional climate change on human health

机译：区域气候变化对人类健康的影响

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摘要

The World Health Organisation estimates that the warming and precipitation trends due to anthropogenic climate change of the past 30 years already claim over 150,000 lives annually. Many prevalent human diseases are linked to climate fluctuations, from cardiovascular mortality and respiratory illnesses due to heatwaves, to altered transmission of infectious diseases and malnutrition from crop failures. Uncertainty remains in attributing the expansion or resurgence of diseases to climate change, owing to lack of long-term, high-quality data sets as well as the large influence of socio-economic factors and changes in immunity and drug resistance. Here we review the growing evidence that climate-health relationships pose increasing health risks under future projections of climate change and that the warming trend over recent decades has already contributed to increased morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. Potentially vulnerable regions include the temperate latitudes, which are projected to warm disproportionately, the regions around the Pacific and Indian oceans that are currently subjected to large rainfall variability due to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation sub-Saharan Africa and sprawling cities where the urban heat island effect could intensify extreme climatic events.
机译：世界卫生组织估计，在过去30年中，由于人为气候变化导致的变暖和降水趋势每年已经夺走了15万多条生命。许多流行的人类疾病与气候波动有关，从因热浪引起的心血管疾病死亡率和呼吸道疾病，到传染病传播途径的改变和作物歉收造成的营养不良。由于缺乏长期，高质量的数据集以及社会经济因素以及免疫力和抗药性变化的巨大影响，将疾病的扩散或复发归因于气候变化仍存在不确定性。在这里，我们回顾了越来越多的证据表明，在未来的气候变化预测中，气候与健康之间的关系会带来越来越大的健康风险，而且近几十年来的变暖趋势已经导致世界许多地区的发病率和死亡率上升。潜在的脆弱地区包括温带纬度，预计这些地区会变暖，太平洋和印度洋周围的地区目前由于El Nino / Southern Oscillation撒哈拉以南非洲以及大城市的热度而遭受较大的降雨变化岛屿效应可能加剧极端气候事件。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7066期|p.310-317|共8页
  • 作者

    Jonathan A. Patz; Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum; Tracey Holloway; Jonathan A. Foley;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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