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Vernalization requires epigenetic silencing of FLC by histone methylation

机译：春化要求通过组蛋白甲基化使FLC表观遗传沉默

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摘要

To ensure flowering in favourable conditions, many plants flower only after an extended period of cold, namely winter. In Arabi-dopsis, the acceleration of flowering by prolonged cold, a process called vernalization, involves downregulation of the protein FLC, which would otherwise prevent flowering. This lowered FLC expression is maintained through subsequent development by the activity of VERNALIZATION (VRN) genes. VRN1 encodes a DNA-binding protein whereas VRN2 encodes a homologue of one of the Polycomb group proteins, which maintain the silencing of genes during animal development. Here we show that vernalization causes changes in histone methylation in discrete domains within the FLC locus, increasing dimethylation of lysines 9 and 27 on histone H3. Such modifications identify silenced chromatin states in Drosophila and human cells. Dimethylation of H3 K27 was lost only in vrn2 mutants, but dimethylation of H3 K9 was absent from both vrn1 and vrn2, consistent with VRN1 functioning downstream of VRN2. The epigenetic memory of winter is thus mediated by a 'histone code' that specifies a silent chromatin state conserved between animals and plants.
机译：为了确保在有利的条件下开花，许多植物仅在长时间的寒冷（即冬天）之后开花。在南芥中，长时间受冷会加速开花，这一过程称为春化，涉及FLC蛋白质的下调，否则将阻止开花。这种降低的FLC表达通过VERNALIZATION（VRN）基因的活性通过随后的发育得以维持。 VRN1编码DNA结合蛋白，而VRN2编码Polycomb组蛋白之一的同源物，该蛋白在动物发育过程中保持基因沉默。在这里，我们显示春化作用会导致FLC基因座内离散域中的组蛋白甲基化发生变化，从而增加组蛋白H3上赖氨酸9和27的二甲基化。此类修饰可确定果蝇和人类细胞中的染色质沉默状态。 H3 K27的二甲基化仅在vrn2突变体中丢失，但vrn1和vrn2均不存在H3 K9的二甲基化，这与VRN1在VRN2下游的功能一致。因此，冬季的表观遗传记忆是由“组蛋白密码”介导的，“组蛋白密码”指定了动植物之间保持沉默的染色质状态。

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