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Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms

机译:蕨类植物在被子植物的阴影下多样化

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The rise of angiosperms during the Cretaceous period is often portrayed as coincident with a dramatic drop in the diversity and abundance of many seed-free vascular plant lineages, including ferns. This has led to the widespread belief that ferns, once a principal component of terrestrial ecosystems, succumbed to the ecological predominance of angiosperms and are mostly evolutionary holdovers from the late Palaeozoic/early Mesozoic era. The first appearance of many modern fern genera in the early Tertiary fossil record implies another evolutionary scenario; that is, that the majority of living ferns resulted from a more recent diversification. But a full understanding of trends in fern diversification and evolution using only palaeobotanical evidence is hindered by the poor taxonomic resolution of the fern fossil record in the Cretaceous. Here we report divergence time estimates for ferns and angiosperms based on molecular data, with constraints from a reassessment of the fossil record. We show that polypod ferns (>80% of living fern species) diversified in the Cretaceous, after angiosperms, suggesting perhaps an ecological opportunistic response to the diversification of angiosperms, as angiosperms came to dominate terrestrial ecosystems.
机译:人们通常将白垩纪时期被子植物的数量增加与许多无种子维管植物谱系(包括蕨类)的多样性和丰度急剧下降相吻合。这导致人们普遍认为,蕨类植物曾经是陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,但已屈服于被子植物的生态优势,并且大多是古生代/中生代晚期的进化产物。在第三纪化石记录中,许多现代蕨属的首次出现暗示了另一种进化情形。也就是说,大多数活的蕨类植物是由于最近的多样化发展所致。但是仅通过古植物学证据就无法完全了解蕨类植物的多样化和进化趋势,这是由于白垩纪蕨类植物化石记录的分类学分辨率较差所致。在这里,我们报告了基于分子数据的蕨类植物和被子植物的发散时间估计,其中有重新评估化石记录的限制。我们发现被子植物后,白足类中的多足类蕨类植物(> 80%活着的蕨类植物)多样化,这表明被子植物的多样性可能是一种生态机会主义反应,因为被子植物在陆地生态系统中占主导地位。

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