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Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D

机译:超小型单细胞红藻Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D的基因组序列

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Small, compact genomes of ultrasmall unicellular algae provide information on the basic and essential genes that support the lives of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including higher plants. Here we report the 16, 520, 305-base-pair sequence of the 20 chromosomes of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D as the first complete algal genome. We identified 5,331 genes in total, of which at least 86.3% were expressed. Unique characteristics of this genomic structure include: a lack of introns in all but 26 genes; only three copies of ribosomal DNA units that maintain the nucleolus; and two dynamin genes that are involved only in the division of mitochondria and plastids. The conserved mosaic origin of Calvin cycle enzymes in this red alga and in green plants supports the hypothesis of the existence of single primary plastid endosymbiosis. The lack of a myosin gene, in addition to the unexpressed actin gene, suggests a simpler system of cytokinesis. These results indicate that the C. merolae genome provides a model system with a simple gene composition for studying the origin, evolution and fundamental mechanisms of eukaryotic cells.
机译:超小型单细胞藻类的小型紧凑基因组可提供有关支持光合真核生物(包括高等植物)生命的基本和必需基因的信息。在这里,我们报告单细胞红藻Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D的20条染色体的16、520、305个碱基对序列,作为第一个完整的藻类基因组。我们共鉴定了5,331个基因,其中至少86.3%的基因被表达。该基因组结构的独特特征包括:除26个基因外,其他所有基因均缺乏内含子;仅三个拷贝的核糖体DNA单元保持核仁;和两个仅与线粒体和质体分裂有关的动力基因。在这种红藻和绿色植物中,加尔文循环酶的保守的镶嵌起源支持单一原质体内共生存在的假说。除未表达的肌动蛋白基因外,还缺乏肌球蛋白基因,提示细胞分裂的系统较为简单。这些结果表明,C.merolae基因组提供了一个具有简单基因组成的模型系统,用于研究真核细胞的起源,进化和基本机制。

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