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Modelling disease outbreaks in realistic urban social networks

机译:在现实的城市社交网络中模拟疾病暴发

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Most mathematical models for the spread of disease use differential equations based on uniformmixing assumptions(1) or ad hoc models for the contact process(2-4). Here we explore the use of dynamic bipartite graphs to model the physical contact patterns that result from movements of individuals between specific locations. The graphs are generated by large-scale individual-based urban traffic simulations built on actual census, land-use and population-mobility data. We find that the contact network among people is a strongly connected small-world-like(5) graph with a well-defined scale for the degree distribution. However, the locations graph is scale-free(6), which allows highly efficient outbreak detection by placing sensors in the hubs of the locations network. Within this large-scale simulation framework, we then analyse the relative merits of several proposed mitigation strategies for smallpox spread. Our results suggest that outbreaks can be contained by a strategy of targeted vaccination combined with early detection without resorting to mass vaccination of a population.
机译:大多数疾病传播的数学模型都使用基于均匀混合假设(1)或接触过程的特设模型(2-4)的微分方程。在这里,我们探索了使用动态二分图来建模由特定位置之间的个体移动导致的物理接触模式的过程。这些图是通过基于实际人口普查,土地利用和人口流动数据的大规模基于个体的城市交通模拟生成的。我们发现人与人之间的联系网络是一个紧密连接的小世界(5)图,具有明确定义的度分布比例。但是,位置图是无标度的(6),通过将传感器放置在位置网络的集线器中,可以进行高效的爆发检测。然后,在这个大规模的模拟框架内,我们分析了几种建议的天花传播缓解策略的相对优点。我们的结果表明,可以通过针对性疫苗接种策略与早期发现相结合来控制暴发,而无需诉诸人群的大规模疫苗接种。

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