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Mismatch repair genes identified using genetic screens in Blm-deficient embryonic stem cells

机译:使用遗传筛选在Blm缺陷型胚胎干细胞中鉴定出错配修复基因

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摘要

Phenotype-driven recessive genetic screens in diploid organisms require a strategy to render the mutation homozygous. Although homozygous mutant mice can be generated by breeding, a reliable method to make homozygous mutations in cultured cells has not been available, limiting recessive screens in culture. Cultured embryonic stem (ES) cells(1) provide access to all of the genes required to elaborate the fundamental components and physiological systems of a mammalian cell. Here we have exploited the high rate of mitotic recombination in Bloom's syndrome protein (Blm)-deficient ES2 cells to generate a genome-wide library of homozygous mutant cells from heterozygous mutations induced with a revertible gene trap(3) retrovirus. We have screened this library for cells with defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), a system that detects and repairs base-base mismatches(4). We demonstrate the recovery of cells with homozygous mutations in known and novel MMR genes. We identified Dnmt1(ref. 5) as a novel MMR gene and confirmed that Dnmt1-deficient ES cells exhibit micro-satellite instability(6), providing a mechanistic explanation for the role of Dnmt1 in cancer. The combination of insertional mutagenesis in Blm-deficient ES cells establishes a new approach for phenotype-based recessive genetic screens in ES cells.
机译:在二倍体生物中由表型驱动的隐性遗传筛选需要一种使突变纯合的策略。尽管可以通过繁殖产生纯合突变小鼠,但尚无可靠的方法可在培养的细胞中进行纯合突变,从而限制了培养中的隐性筛选。培养的胚胎干(ES)细胞(1)提供了对阐明哺乳动物细胞基本成分和生理系统所需的所有基因的访问。在这里,我们利用Bloom综合征蛋白(Blm)缺陷的ES2细胞中的高有丝分裂重组率,从可逆转的基因陷阱(3)逆转录病毒诱导的杂合突变中生成了全基因组的纯合突变细胞库。我们已经在该文库中筛选了DNA错配修复(MMR)中有缺陷的细胞,该系统可检测并修复碱基错配(4)。我们证明了在已知和新型MMR基因中具有纯合突变的细胞的恢复。我们将Dnmt1(参考文献5)确定为一种新型MMR基因,并确认Dnmt1缺失的ES细胞表现出微卫星不稳定性(6),为Dnmt1在癌症中的作用提供了机械解释。 Blm缺陷ES细胞中插入诱变的结合为ES细胞中基于表型的隐性遗传筛选建立了一种新方法。

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