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Getting it off the ground

机译:起步

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摘要

A hundred years ago this week, Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first controlled, powered flight in a heavier-than air machine. By then it was becoming accepted that the idea of controlled flight might not be so fantastical after all. The scientific analysis of air and flying machines had begun to be taken seriously in the the nineteenth century by engineers and scientists such as Gustave Eiffel, Samuel Pierpont Langley and Hiram Maxim. With the exception of Otto Lilienthal, who flew his hang-gliders repeatedly, few realized how capricious the air is. Although there was much debate about the correct expression for the resistance of the air, which would determine wing lift, the more immediate issues of pitch stability (controlling movement up and down), balance and control determined how long a 'flight' lasted before the almost inevitable crash. How many seconds this took seems rather unimportant now, but it still receives the attention of many partisan enthusiasts determined to prove that Richard Pearse in New Zealand, Langley in Washington, the German-American Gustavus Whitehead, or Clement Ader in France flew, or even 'could have flown', before the Wright brothers.
机译:一百年前的这个星期,奥维尔(Orville)和威尔伯·赖特(Wilbur Wright)进行了比空机重的首次受控飞行。到那时,人们已经开始接受控制飞行的想法可能毕竟不是那么梦幻的想法。 19世纪,工程师和科学家(例如Gustave Eiffel,Samuel Pierpont Langley和Hiram Maxim)开始认真对待航空和飞行器的科学分析。除了奥托·利连塔尔(Otto Lilienthal)反复飞行他的悬挂式滑翔机外,很少有人意识到空气是多么的反复无常。尽管关于空气阻力的正确表达方式(这将决定机翼升力)存在很多争论,但俯仰稳定性(控制上下运动),平衡和控制等更为直接的问题决定了“飞行”持续多长时间后才能进行。几乎不可避免的崩溃。现在花费多少秒似乎并不重要,但是它仍然受到许多游击队爱好者的注意,他们决心证明新西兰的理查德·皮尔斯,华盛顿的兰利,德裔美国人古斯塔夫·怀特黑德或法国的克莱门特·阿德飞了,甚至在赖特兄弟面前“可能飞了”。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2003年第6968期|p.765-766|共2页
  • 作者

    Andrew Nahum;

  • 作者单位

    Aeronautical Collection at the Science Museum, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2UD, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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