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A gut microbial factor modulates locomotor behaviour in Drosophila

机译：肠道微生物因子调节果蝇的运动行为

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While research into the biology of animal behaviour has primarily focused on the central nervous system, cues from peripheral tissues and the environment have been implicated in brain development and function'. There is emerging evidence that bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain affects behaviours including anxiety, cognition, nociception and social interaction(1-9). Coordinated locomotor behaviour is critical for the survival and propagation of animals, and is regulated by internal and external sensory inputs(1)(0,11). However, little is known about how the gut microbiome influences host locomotion, or the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Here we report that germ-free status or antibiotic treatment results in hyperactive locomotor behaviour in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Increased walking speed and daily activity in the absence of a gut microbiome are rescued by mono-colonization with specific bacteria, including the fly commensal Lactobacillus brevis. The bacterial enzyme xylose isomerase from L. brevis recapitulates the locomotor effects of microbial colonization by modulating sugar metabolism in flies. Notably, thermogenetic activation of octopaminergic neurons or exogenous administration of octopamine, the invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline, abrogates the effects of xylose isomerase on Drosophila locomotion. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for the gut microbiome in modulating locomotion, and identify octopaminergic neurons as mediators of peripheral microbial cues that regulate motor behaviour in animals.
机译：虽然对动物行为生物学的研究主要集中在中枢神经系统，但来自周围组织和环境的线索与大脑的发育和功能有关。越来越多的证据表明，肠道与大脑之间的双向交流会影响包括焦虑，认知，伤害感受和社交互动在内的行为（1-9）。运动的协调行为对于动物的生存和繁殖至关重要，并且受内部和外部感觉输入的调节（1）（0,11）。但是，关于肠道微生物组如何影响宿主运动或涉及的分子和细胞机制，人们所知甚少。在这里我们报告说，无菌状态或抗生素治疗会导致果蝇果蝇的活动过度。通过与特定细菌（包括苍蝇共乳短乳杆菌）进行单菌落化，可以在没有肠道微生物组的情况下提高步行速度和日常活动。来自短乳杆菌的细菌木糖异构酶通过调节果蝇的糖代谢来概括微生物定殖的运动效应。值得注意的是，章鱼胺能神经元的热遗传激活或去甲肾上腺素的无脊椎动物对应物章鱼胺的外源给药消除了木糖异构酶对果蝇运动的影响。这些发现揭示了肠道微生物组在调节运动中的前所未有的作用，并确定了章鱼胺能神经元是调节动物运动行为的周围微生物线索的媒介。

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