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Three-dimensional collective charge excitations in electron-doped copper oxide superconductors

机译：电子掺杂氧化铜超导体中的三维集体电荷激发

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摘要

High-temperature copper oxide superconductors consist of stacked CuO2 planes, with electronic band structures and magnetic excitations that are primarily two-dimensional(1,2), but with superconducting coherence that is three-dimensional. This dichotomy highlights the importance of out-of-plane charge dynamics, which has been found to be incoherent in the normal state(3,4) within the limited range of momenta accessible by optics. Here we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to explore the charge dynamics across all three dimensions of the Brillouin zone. Polarization analysis of recently discovered collective excitations (modes) in electron-doped copper oxides(5-7) reveals their charge origin, that is, without mixing with magnetic components(5-7). The excitations disperse along both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions, revealing its three-dimensional nature. The periodicity of the out-of-plane dispersion corresponds to the distance between neighbouring CuO2 planes rather than to the crystallographic c-axis lattice constant, suggesting that the interplane Coulomb interaction is responsible for the coherent out-of-plane charge dynamics. The observed properties are hallmarks of the long-sought 'acoustic plasmon, which is a branch of distinct charge collective modes predicted for layered systems(8-12) and argued to play a substantial part in mediating high-temperature superconductivity(10-12).
机译：高温氧化铜超导体由堆叠的CuO2平面组成，其电子能带结构和磁激发主要为二维（1,2），但超导相干为三维。这种二分法凸显了平面外电荷动力学的重要性，这已发现在正常状态下（3,4）在光学器件可访问的有限力矩范围内是不相干的。在这里，我们使用共振非弹性X射线散射来探索布里渊区所有三个维度上的电荷动力学。对最近发现的掺杂电子的氧化铜（5-7）中的集体激发态（模式）的极化分析揭示了其电荷起源，即没有与磁性成分混合（5-7）。激发沿平面内和平面外方向分散，揭示了其三维性质。平面外色散的周期性对应于相邻CuO2平面之间的距离，而不是晶体学c轴晶格常数，这表明平面内库仑相互作用是导致相干平面外电荷动力学的原因。观察到的性质是长期寻求的``声等离振子''的标志，它是为层状系统预测的不同电荷集体模式的一个分支（8-12），并被认为在介导高温超导性方面起着重要作用（10-12） 。

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