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Dopamine enhances signal-to-noise ratio in cortical-brainstem encoding of aversive stimuli

机译：多巴胺增强厌恶刺激的皮质-脑干编码中的信噪比。

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摘要

Dopamine modulates medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity to mediate diverse behavioural functions(1,2); however, the precise circuit computations remain unknown. One potentially unifying model by which dopamine may underlie a diversity of functions is by modulating the signal-to-noise ratio in subpopulations of mPFC neurons(3-6), where neural activity conveying sensory information (signal) is amplified relative to spontaneous firing (noise). Here we demonstrate that dopamine increases the signal-to-noise ratio of responses to aversive stimuli in mPFC neurons projecting to the dorsal periaqueductal grey (dPAG). Using an electrochemical approach, we reveal the precise time course of pinch-evoked dopamine release in the mPFC, and show that mPFC dopamine biases behavioural responses to aversive stimuli. Activation of mPFC-dPAG neurons is sufficient to drive place avoidance and defensive behaviours. mPFC-dPAG neurons display robust shock-induced excitations, as visualized by single-cell, projection-defined microendoscopic calcium imaging. Finally, photostimulation of dopamine terminals in the mPFC reveals an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio in mPFC-dPAG responses to aversive stimuli. Together, these data highlight how dopamine in the mPFC can selectively route sensory information to specific downstream circuits, representing a potential circuit mechanism for valence processing.
机译：多巴胺调节内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）活性以介导多种行为功能（1,2）;然而，精确的电路计算仍然是未知的。一种可能使多巴胺成为多种功能基础的统一模型是通过调节mPFC神经元亚群中的信噪比（3-6），其中传递感觉信息（信号）的神经活动相对于自发放电会放大（噪声）。在这里，我们证明了多巴胺增加了投射到导水管周围灰色（dPAG）的mPFC神经元中对厌恶性刺激的反应的信噪比。使用电化学方法，我们揭示了收缩诱发的多巴胺在mPFC中释放的精确时间过程，并表明mPFC多巴胺偏向对厌恶刺激的行为响应。 mPFC-dPAG神经元的激活足以驱动避开场所和防御行为。 mPFC-dPAG神经元显示出强大的休克诱发的兴奋作用，如单细胞，投影定义的微内镜钙成像所显示的。最后，mPFC中多巴胺末端的光刺激揭示了mPFC-dPAG对厌恶刺激的信噪比增加。这些数据一起突出显示了mPFC中的多巴胺如何将感觉信息选择性地传递至特定的下游电路，从而代表了可能的价基处理机制。

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