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Improved limit on the electric dipole moment of the electron

机译：改进了电子电偶极矩的限制

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摘要

The standard model of particle physics accurately describes all particle physics measurements made so far in the laboratory. However, it is unable to answer many questions that arise from cosmological observations, such as the nature of dark matter and why matter dominates over antimatter throughout the Universe. Theories that contain particles and interactions beyond the standard model, such as models that incorporate supersymmetry, may explain these phenomena. Such particles appear in the vacuum and interact with common particles to modify their properties. For example, the existence of very massive particles whose interactions violate time-reversal symmetry, which could explain the cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry, can give rise to an electric dipole moment along the spin axis of the electron. No electric dipole moments of fundamental particles have been observed. However, dipole moments only slightly smaller than the current experimental bounds have been predicted to arise from particles more massive than any known to exist. Here we present an improved experimental limit on the electric dipole moment of the electron, obtained by measuring the electron spin precession in a superposition of quantum states of electrons subjected to a huge intramolecular electric field. The sensitivity of our measurement is more than one order of magnitude better than any previous measurement. This result implies that a broad class of conjectured particles, if they exist and time -reversal symmetry is maximally violated, have masses that greatly exceed what can be measured directly at the Large Hadron Collider.
机译：粒子物理学的标准模型准确地描述了迄今为止实验室中进行的所有粒子物理学测量。但是，它无法回答宇宙观观察产生的许多问题，例如暗物质的性质以及为什么物质在整个宇宙中占据着反物质主导地位。包含超出标准模型的粒子和相互作用的理论（例如，包含超对称性的模型）可以解释这些现象。这样的颗粒出现在真空中并与普通颗粒相互作用以改变其性能。例如，存在非常大质量的粒子，其相互作用违反了时间反转对称性，这可以解释宇宙物质反对称的不对称性，它会沿电子的自旋轴产生电偶极矩。尚未观察到基本粒子的电偶极矩。但是，据预测，偶极矩仅比当前的实验范围小一些，是由比已知存在的更大的粒子产生的。在这里，我们对电子的电偶极矩提出了一个改进的实验极限，该极限是通过测量受到巨大分子内电场的电子的量子态的叠加中的电子自旋进动而获得的。我们的测量灵敏度比以前的测量高出一个数量级。该结果表明，如果存在大量猜想的粒子，并且最大程度地违反了时间反转对称性，则其质量将大大超过大型强子对撞机可直接测量的质量。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2018年第7727期|355-360|共6页
  • 作者

    Andreev V.; Ang D. G.; DeMille D.; Doyle J. M.; Gabrielse G.; Haefner J.; Hutzler N. R.; Lasner Z.; Meisenhelder C.; OLeary B. R.; Panda C. D.; West A. D.; West E. P.; Wu X.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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