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Structural mechanisms of selectivity and gating in anion channelrhodopsins

机译:阴离子通道紫红质选择性和门控的结构机理

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摘要

Both designed and natural anion-conducting channelrhodopsins (dACRs and nACRs, respectively) have been widely applied in optogenetics (enabling selective inhibition of target-cell activity during animal behaviour studies), but each class exhibits performance limitations, underscoring trade-offs in channel structure-function relationships. Therefore, molecular and structural insights into dACRs and nACRs will be critical not only for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of these light-gated anion channels, but also to create next-generation optogenetic tools. Here we report crystal structures of the dACR iC++, along with spectroscopic, electrophysiological and computational analyses that provide unexpected insights into pH dependence, substrate recognition, channel gating and ion selectivity of both dACRs and nACRs. These results enabled us to create an anion-conducting channelrhodopsin integrating the key features of large photocurrent and fast kinetics alongside exclusive anion selectivity.
机译:设计的和天然的传导阴离子的视紫红质素(分别为dACR和nACR)均已广泛应用于光遗传学(在动物行为研究过程中能够选择性抑制靶细胞的活性),但是每一类都表现出性能局限性,强调了通道结构的权衡功能关系。因此,对dACR和nACR的分子和结构洞察力不仅对于理解这些光门控阴离子通道的基本机制至关重要,而且对于创建下一代光遗传学工具都至关重要。在这里,我们报告dACR iC ++的晶体结构,以及光谱,电生理和计算分析,这些分析为dACR和nACR的pH依赖性,底物识别,通道门控和离子选择性提供了意想不到的见识。这些结果使我们能够创建一个传导阴离子的通道视紫红质,将大光电流和快速动力学的关键特征与独​​特的阴离子选择性结合在一起。

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