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Imaging magnetic polarons in the doped Fermi-Hubbard model

机译：在掺杂的费米-哈伯德模型中成像磁极化子

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Polarons-electronic charge carriers 'dressed' by a local polarization of the background environment-are among the most fundamental quasiparticles in interacting many-body systems, and emerge even at the level of a single dopant(1). In the context of the two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model, polarons are predicted to form around charged dopants in an antiferromagnetic background in the low-doping regime, close to the Mott insulating state(2-7); this prediction is supported by macroscopic transport and spectroscopy measurements in materials related to high-temperature superconductivity(8). Nonetheless, a direct experimental observation of the internal structure of magnetic polarons is lacking. Here we report the microscopic real-space characterization of magnetic polarons in a doped Fermi-Hubbard system, enabled by the single-site spin and density resolution of our ultracold-atom quantum simulator. We reveal the dressing of doublons by a local reduction-and even sign reversal-of magnetic correlations, which originates from the competition between kinetic and magnetic energy in the system. The experimentally observed polaron signatures are found to be consistent with an effective string model at finite temperature(7). We demonstrate that delocalization of the doublon is a necessary condition for polaron formation, by comparing this setting with a scenario in which a doublon is pinned to a lattice site. Our work could facilitate the study of interactions between polarons, which may lead to collective behaviour, such as stripe formation, as well as the microscopic exploration of the fate of polarons in the pseudogap and 'bad metal' phases.
机译：极化子-由背景环境的局部极化“修饰”的电子载流子是相互作用多体系统中最基本的准粒子之一，甚至出现在单一掺杂物的水平上（1）。在二维Fermi-Hubbard模型的背景下，预计在低掺杂状态下接近Mott绝缘态的反铁磁背景中，极化子会在带电掺杂剂周围形成（2-7）。这种预测得到了与高温超导有关的材料的宏观传输和光谱学测量的支持（8）。然而，缺乏对磁极化子内部结构的直接实验观察。在这里，我们报告了通过我们的超冷原子量子模拟器的单点自旋和密度分辨率实现的掺杂费米-哈伯德系统中磁极化子的微观实空间表征。我们通过局部的磁化相关性（甚至是符号反转）揭示了复合物的修整，该磁化相关性源于系统中动能和磁能之间的竞争。发现在有限的温度下，实验观察到的极化子特征与有效的弦模型是一致的（7）。通过将这种设置与将双链子固定在晶格位点上的情况进行比较，我们证明了双链子的离域是极化子形成的必要条件。我们的工作可以促进极化子之间相互作用的研究，这可能导致集体行为，例如条纹形成，以及对伪间隙相和“不良金属”相中极化子命运的微观探索。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7769期|358-362|共5页
  • 作者

    Koepsell Joannis; Vijayan Jayadev; Sompet Pimonpan; Grusdt Fabian; Hilker Timon A.; Demler Eugene; Salomon Guillaume; Bloch Immanuel; Gross Christian;

  • 作者单位

    Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA|Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Garching, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany|Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge, England;

    Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany|Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fak Phys, Munich, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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