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Climate change and overfishing increase neurotoxicant in marine predators

机译：海洋捕食者中气候变化和过度捕获增加神经毒剂

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摘要

More than three billion people rely on seafood for nutrition. However, fish are the predominant source of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), a potent neurotoxic substance. In the United States, 82% of population-wide exposure to MeHg is from the consumption of marine seafood and almost 40% is from fresh and canned tuna alone(1). Around 80% of the inorganic mercury (Hg) that is emitted to the atmosphere from natural and human sources is deposited in the ocean(2), where some is converted by microorganisms to MeHg. In predatory fish, environmental MeHg concentrations are amplified by a million times or more. Human exposure to MeHg has been associated with long-term neurocognitive deficits in children that persist into adulthood, with global costs to society that exceed US$20 billion(3). The first global treaty on reductions in anthropogenic Hg emissions (the Minamata Convention on Mercury) entered into force in 2017. However, effects of ongoing changes in marine ecosystems on bioaccumulation of MeHg in marine predators that are frequently consumed by humans (for example, tuna, cod and swordfish) have not been considered when setting global policy targets. Here we use more than 30 years of data and ecosystem modelling to show that MeHg concentrations in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) increased by up to 23% between the 1970s and 2000s as a result of dietary shifts initiated by overfishing. Our model also predicts an estimated 56% increase in tissue MeHg concentrations in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) due to increases in seawater temperature between a low point in 1969 and recent peak levels-which is consistent with 2017 observations. This estimated increase in tissue MeHg exceeds the modelled 22% reduction that was achieved in the late 1990s and 2000s as a result of decreased seawater MeHg concentrations. The recently reported plateau in global anthropogenic Hg emissions(4) suggests that ocean warming and fisheries management programmes will be major drivers of future MeHg concentrations in marine predators.
机译：超过30亿人依靠海鲜进行营养。然而，鱼是人类暴露于甲基汞（MEHG）的主要来源，是一种有效的神经毒性物质。在美国，82％的人口广泛接触MEHG是从海洋海产品的消费，近40％来自新鲜和罐装金枪鱼（1）。在海洋（2）中沉积在自然和人类来源的大气中的约80％的无机汞（Hg）沉积在海洋（2）中，其中一些被微生物转化为Mehg。在掠食性鱼中，环境莫霍格浓度被扩增百万次以上。人类暴露于Mehg与长期的神学认知缺陷有关，儿童持续到已成年期，全球成本超过20亿美元（3）。第一个关于减少人为汞排放的全球条约（Minamata Mercury）于2017年生效。但是，海洋生态系统对人类经常消费的海洋捕食者中MEHG生物累积的持续变化的影响（例如，金枪鱼在设置全局策略目标时，尚未考虑鳕鱼和箭头。在这里，我们使用超过30年的数据和生态系统建模，以表明，由于过度捕捞的饮食变化，20世纪70年代和2000年，大西洋鳕鱼（GADUS MORHUA）的MEHG浓度增加了23％。由于1969年的低点与最近的峰值水平，估计的蓝色鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus Thynnus）中的组织Mehg浓度增加了56％的组织Mehg浓度增加了56％，而最近的峰值水平 - 这与2017年的观察结果一致。这种估计的组织MEHG的增加超过了20世纪90年代后期和2000年代所达到的22％的模型，而导致海水兆姆浓度降低。最近报道的全球人为汞汞排放（4）表明海洋变暖和渔业管理计划将成为海洋捕食者未来巨大浓度的主要驱动因素。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7771期|648-650|共3页
  • 作者

    Schartup Amina T.; Thackray Colin P.; Qureshi Asif; Dassuncao Clifton; Gillespie Kyle; Hanke Alex; Sunderland Elsie M.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard Univ Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA|Harvard Univ Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Environm Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA;

    Harvard Univ Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA;

    Indian Inst Technol Hyderabad Dept Civil Engn Kandi India;

    Harvard Univ Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA|Harvard Univ Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Environm Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA;

    Fisheries & Oceans Canada St Andrews Biol Stn St Andrews NB Canada;

    Fisheries & Oceans Canada St Andrews Biol Stn St Andrews NB Canada;

    Harvard Univ Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA|Harvard Univ Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Environm Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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