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Near-perfect photon utilization in an air-bridge thermophotovoltaic cell

机译：空气桥热光伏电池中的近乎完美的光子利用

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摘要

Thermophotovoltaic cells are similar to solar cells, but instead of converting solar radiation to electricity, they are designed to utilize locally radiated heat. Development of high-efficiency thermophotovoltaic cells has the potential to enable widespread applications in grid-scale thermal energy storage(1,2), direct solar energy conversion(3-8), distributed co-generation(9-11)and waste heat scavenging(12). To reach high efficiencies, thermophotovoltaic cells must utilize the broad spectrum of a radiative thermal source. However, most thermal radiation is in a low-energy wavelength range that cannot be used to excite electronic transitions and generate electricity. One promising way to overcome this challenge is to have low-energy photons reflected and re-absorbed by the thermal emitter, where their energy can have another chance at contributing towards photogeneration in the cell. However, current methods for photon recuperation are limited by insufficient bandwidth or parasitic absorption, resulting in large efficiency losses relative to theoretical limits. Here we demonstrate near-perfect reflection of low-energy photons by embedding a layer of air (an air bridge) within a thin-film In0.53Ga0.47As cell. This result represents a fourfold reduction in parasitic absorption relative to existing thermophotovoltaic cells. The resulting gain in absolute efficiency exceeds 6 per cent, leading to a very high power conversion efficiency of more than 30 per cent, as measured with an approximately 1,455-kelvin silicon carbide emitter. As the out-of-band reflectance approaches unity, the thermophotovoltaic efficiency becomes nearly insensitive to increasing cell bandgap or decreasing emitter temperature. Accessing this regime may unlock a range of possible materials and heat sources that were previously inaccessible to thermophotovoltaic energy conversion.An air gap embedded within the structure of a thermophotovoltaic device acts as a near-perfect reflector of low-energy photons, resulting in their recovery and recycling by the thermal source, enabling excellent power-conversion efficiency.
机译：热敏电池类似于太阳能电池，而不是将太阳辐射转换为电力，而是设计用于利用局部辐射的热量。高效蒸镀电池的开发具有潜力，可实现在网格级热能存储（1,2），直接太阳能转换（3-8），分布式生成（9-11）和废热清除中的广泛应用（12）。为了达到高效率，蒸发电池必须利用辐射热源的广谱。然而，大多数热辐射处于低能量波长范围，不能用于激发电子转变并产生电力。克服这一挑战的一个有希望的方法是具有由热发射器反射和重新吸收的低能量光子，其中它们的能量可以在细胞中有助于朝向光发电的另一个机会。然而，目前的光子回收方法受带宽或寄生吸收不足的限制，导致相对于理论限制的效率损失。在这里，我们通过将一层空气（空气桥）嵌入薄膜IN0.53GA0.47AS细胞内，展示了低能量光子的接近完美的反射。该结果代表了相对于现有蒸粒电池的寄生吸收的四倍降低。由此产生的增长绝对效率超过6％，导致高于30％以上的高功率转换效率，用约1,455克尔文碳化硅发射器测量。随着带外反射率的统一，刺激性效率几乎对增加的细胞带隙或降低发射极温度几乎不敏感。访问该制度可以解锁以前可以在散热热伏能量转换的一系列可能的材料和热源中解锁。嵌入的气隙内部的蒸发器装置的结构中的作为低能量光子的近乎完美的反射器，导致它们的恢复并通过热源回收，从而实现出色的功率转换效率。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7828期|237-241|共5页
  • 作者

    Fan Dejiu; Burger Tobias; McSherry Sean; Lee Byungjun; Lenert Andrej; Forrest Stephen R.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA;

    Univ Michigan Dept Chem Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA;

    Univ Michigan Dept Chem Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA;

    Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA;

    Univ Michigan Dept Chem Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA;

    Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA|Univ Michigan Dept Phys Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA|Univ Michigan Dept Mat Sci & Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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